黄芪的化学成分及药理作用研究进展.docVIP

黄芪的化学成分及药理作用研究进展 张文志 [摘要] 近年研究表明黄芪的主要化学成分有黄芪多糖、皂苷类、黄酮类和氨基酸等；其药理作用为提高免疫功能，增强抗氧化、抗辐射和抗癌作用，保护心脑血管、肝脏、肾脏和肺脏作用，保护脑细胞、提高记忆力，舒张血管平滑肌，激素样作用，抗菌及抑制病毒作用，降血脂、降血糖、减少糖尿病并发症等；临床上黄芪广泛用于治疗循环系统、神经系统、消化系统、呼吸系统、内分泌和血液系统疾病；临床上未见明显肝肾毒性，但有妊娠晚期误用致难产，静滴黄芪制剂出现轻度过敏反应等临床报道。文中对近年来黄芪的化学成分及药理作用研究进展进行综述。 [关键词] 黄芪；化学成分；药理作用 Progress in pharmacological effects of compositions of Astragalus m embranaceus Zhangwenzhi [Abstract] Recent studies have indicated that themain chemical compositions of Astragalus m embranaceus include Radix astragali polysaccharide, saponin categories and amino acids. The experimental studies have shown that Astragalus m embranaceus can improve immune function; enhance resistance to oxidation; exert ant-i radiation and anticancer effects； protect cardiovascular,liver, kidney, lung, and brain cells; improve memory; relax blood vessel smooth muscle; possess the hormone-like, antibacterialand antiviral effects; exertthe hypolipidemic and hy-poglycemic effects, and reduce complications of diabetes. In clinic, Astragalus m embranaceusis widely used intreating circulation, nerve, digestion, respiration, endocrine and blood diseases.Astragalus m embranaceus shows no obvious liver and kidney toxicity, butoccasionally causes dystocia aftermisuse in late pregnancy, andmild a-llergic reactions due to application of the intravenous formulations. This review summarized recent advances in the research of chemical compositions and the pharmacological effects of Astragalus m embranaceus. [Key words] Astragalus m embranaceus; chemical composition; pharm acological effect 药用黄芪为多年草本植物黄芪和内蒙黄芪的根，性微温，味甘，归脾、肺经，有补气升阳，益卫固表，托毒生肌，利水退肿之功效。黄芪用途广泛，可用于脾肺气虚或中气下陷之症；卫气虚所致表虚自汗；气血不足所致痈疽不溃或溃久不敛以及浮肿尿少和气虚血滞导致的肢体麻木，关节痹痛，气虚津亏的消渴等症。文中对黄芪的化学成分及药理作用进行归纳，有利于人们提高对黄芪药理作用的了解，更好地应用于临床。 1 化学成分 1. 1 黄芪多糖(APS) 主要有葡聚糖和杂多糖。其中葡聚糖又有水溶性葡聚糖和水不溶性葡聚糖，分别是A-(1y4)(1y6)葡聚糖和A-(1y4)葡聚糖。黄芪中所含的杂多糖多为水溶性酸性杂多糖，主要由葡萄糖、鼠李糖、阿拉伯糖和半乳糖组成，少量含有糖醛酸由半乳糖醛酸和葡萄糖醛酸组成。 1. 2 皂苷类 皂苷类是黄芪中重要的有效成分。目前从黄芪及其同属近缘植物中已分离出40多种皂苷，主要有黄芪苷I，II，III，IV，V，VI，VII，异黄芪苷I， II， IV