Unit10Filtration资料.ppt

Unit 10 Filtration ;Important Words and Expressions ;agitation n. 激动；搅动；煽动；烦乱 polymer n. [化]聚合物 feasibility n. 可行性；可能性 pore vi. 细想；凝视；熟读；n.气孔；小孔；vt.使注视 penetration n. 渗透；突破；侵入；洞察力 viscosity n. 粘性，粘度 ;Text Filtration is used to separate nonsettleable solids from water and wastewater by passing it through a porous medium. The most common system is filtration through a layered bed of granular media, usually a coarse anthracite coal underlain by finer sand. ;Gravity granular-media filtration Gravity filtration through beds of granular media is the most common method of removing colloidal impurities in water processing and tertiary treatment of wastewater.[1] The mechanisms involved in removing suspended solids in a granular-media filter are complex, consisting of interception, straining, flocculation, and sedimentation. Initially, surface straining and interstitial removal result in accumulation of deposits in the upper portion of the filter media.; Because of the reduction in ore are, the velocity of water through the remaining voids increases, shearing off pieces of captured floc and carrying impurities deeper into the filter bed. The effective zone of removal passes deeper and deeper into the filter. Turbulence and resulting increased particle contact within the pores promotes flocculation, resulting in trapping of the larger floc particles. Eventually, clean bed depth is no longer available and breakthrough occurs, carrying solids out in the underflow and causing termination of the filter run. [2] ;Direct filtration The process of direct filtration does not include sedimentation prior to filtration. The impurities removed from the water are collected and stored in the filter. Although rapid mixing of chemicals is necessary, the flocculation stage is either eliminated or reduced to a mixing time less than 30min. ; Contact flocculation of the chemically coagulated particles in the water takes places in the granular media. S