2008讲稿(第4章)胶体化学.ppt

Chapter 4 The Rheology of Dispersions;Why?;（2）Engineering;(3) Technically;2. Focus on this chapter;4.2 Newton’s law of viscosity ;(1);The viscosity of Newtonian is a function of temperature.;Based on the analysis of thermodynamics(热力学) and fluid-dynamics(流体动力学) viscosity of fluid can be defined as ;Eq.3 shows that the rate of energy dissipation is proportional to the square of the velocity gradient, with the viscosity of the fluid as the factor of proportionality.;4.3 The Einstein’s theory of viscosity of dispersions ;2. Einstein’s equation of viscosity of dispersions;Einstein’s equation of viscosity of dispersions;3．Functional forms (常用名词) 1) Relative viscosity(相对粘度) ηr 1 η－The viscosity of dispersion (Solution) η0－The viscosity of solvent 2) Specific viscosity(增比粘度) Measuring the viscosity increased by particles.;c －Concentration of dispersions (solution) （kg/dm） Measuring the viscosity increased by the particles（solute） of per unit of concentration. (代表单位浓度的质点（溶质）对粘度的贡献。); Measuring the viscosity increased by only one particle（solute molecule）. 代表单个质点（溶质分子)对粘度的贡献。 ;4. Deviations（偏差） from the Eienstein model;（2）Effects of solvation and shapes;(53);For ellipsoids(椭球体);(3) Electroviscous （电粘性）Effect;4.4 Non-Newtonian behavior;1. Types of Non-Newtonian fluids ;Characteristics: a. The materials require a minimum amount of stress before deformation; b. Whenττy, fluid start to flow; c. The fluid like a Newtonian while flows; ηpl＝f（T） ;B. Pseudoplastic (shear-thinning) fluid (假塑性流体、切稀流体) τ＝KD n （0 n 1） （2） K－Viscous coefficient (稠度系数)， K↑→ Viscosity D－ Rate of shear ， n－power factor(流变指数) The difference between n and 1 , The Non-Newtonian behavior .;Characteristics: The microstructure（微观结构） of dispersed phase is in the state of a network in three dimensions. ;C. Dilatant (sh