unit1 Extensive reading.ppt

Extensive Reading;Copernicus;哥白尼(Nicolaus Copernicus, 1473-1543), 波兰天文学家、日心说创立者, 近代天文学的奠基人。;日心说经历了艰苦的斗争后,才为人们所接受,这是天文学上一次伟大的革命,不仅引起了人类宇宙观的重大革新,而且从根本上动摇了欧洲中世纪宗教神学的理论支柱。“从此自然科学便开始从神学中解放出来”,“科学的发展从此便大踏步前进”（恩格斯《自然辩证法》）。 ;哥白尼著有阐述日心说的《天体运行论》(1543年出版),由于受到时代的局限,在日心说中保留了所谓“完美的”圆形轨道等论点。其后开普勒建立行星运动三定律,牛顿发现万有引力定律，以及行星光行差、视差相继发现,日心说遂建立在更加稳固的科学基础上。; We know the first scientist is Copernicus. He was one of the first scientists to use mathematical observations to collect information. He believed the sun is the center of the universe and the earth and other planets go around it. The chart on P.7 shows his theory.; At Copernicus’ time, Christian Church was very powerful. 2. It doesn’t matter whether Copernicus was cautious or not. ; 3. Copernicus didn’t show his new theory to his friends until he completed it. 4. His friends were not interested in his ideas.;5. Since he was not afraid of being attacked by the Church, Copernicus published his book as soon as he finished working on it. 6. Newton, Einstein, and Hawking are all scientists who made contributions to the study of the universe. ; At Copernicus’ time, Christian Church was very powerful. 2. It doesn’t matter whether Copernicus was cautious or not. ; 3. Copernicus didn’t show his new theory to his friends until he completed it. 4. His friends were not interested in his ideas.;5. Since he was not afraid of being attacked by the Church, Copernicus published his book as soon as he finished working on it. 6. Newton, Einstein, and Hawking are all scientists who made contributions to the study of the universe. ;Read carefully and try to draw the two theories of the universe.;Dear Nicolaus Copernicus, I am a student studying astronomy and I would very much like to read your new theory about the solar system. I hope you will publish it for several reasons. ; I understand the problems with the present theory. The way the planets move is not what you would expect if the earth was the ce