文艺复兴时期医学史资料.pptVIP

文艺复兴时期的医学 The Renaissance Time Medicine 1453～16世纪;一、社会和文化背景;;文艺复兴 The Renaissance ： 一场伟大的文化运动 cultural movement ； 发祥于意大利佛诺伦萨Florence ;雅典学院 The School of Athens ;Michelango;二、人体解剖学研究的兴起;The Vitruvian Man ;达芬奇绘制的解剖图谱;最后审判The last jugement;;二、人体解剖学研究的兴起;维萨里毕业后马上在帕多瓦大学的外科学和解剖学教研室活动了教职，并且在波伦亚大学和披萨大学担任客座讲师 Obtain a chair of Surgery and Anatomy at Padua and guest lectured at Bologna and Pisa 维萨里把实地解剖作为自己教学的基本工具，自己处理解剖过程中的具体环节，鼓励学生们一定要自己动手解剖。实际操作中的观察被认为是最可靠的知识来源。这与中世纪的经院教学有着天壤之别。Carried out dissection as the primary teaching tool, handling the actual work himself and urging students to perform dissection themselves. Hands-on direct observation was considered the only reliable resource, a huge break with medieval practice 1543年他到巴塞尔协助出版七卷本的（人体构造）一书，这本书是现代人体解剖学的奠基石。他将这本书献给了神圣罗马帝国的查理五世皇帝。很多人认为当时的大画家提香的学生梵凯尔卡为该书画了插图，但是缺乏证据。无论如何一位艺术家在相当短的时间里要画出273幅插图是不可能的。In 1543 took residence in Basel to help publish the seven-volume De humani corporis fabrica (On the fabric of the human body), a groundbreaking work of human anatomy which he dedicated to Charles V. Many believe it was illustrated by Titians pupil Jan Stephen van Calcar, but evidence is lacking, and it is unlikely a single artist created all 273 illustrations in so short a time. 维萨里出版（人体构造）第一版是才28岁。Vesalius was 28 years old when the first edition of Fabrica was published ;De humani corporis fabrica On structure of the human body 人体的构造;The contributions to anatomy ——1 脉管系统或循环系统的研究工作是维萨里对现代医学发展的最重要的贡献，其中有很多发现是对盖伦理论的否定。 Work on the vascular and circulatory systems was his greatest contribution to the complex and modern medicine. Against Galens theory . 心脏的节律与脉动的频率是一致的The cardiac systole is synchronous with the arterial pulse . 心脏有两个室腔和两个房腔，右心房是上、下腔静脉的延续；左心房是肺静脉的延续。 Identified two chambers and two atria. The right atrium was considered a continuation of the inferior and superior venae cavae and the left atrium was considered a continuation of the pulmonary vein. 心肌不是真正的肌肉，因为它不具有随意支配的特点The heart was not a true muscle due t