电磁场与电磁波第6讲基本假设库仑定律高斯定理电位-wb.ppt

Field and Wave Electromagnetics 电磁场与电磁波;1. Products of Vectors;Dot product:;3. Gradient of a Scalar Field;6. Curl of a Vector Field;9. Helmholtz’s Theorem;Main topic Static Electric Fields;1. Fundamental Postulates of Electrostatics in Free Space;1.2. Fundamental Postulates;Divergence Theorem;1.2. Fundamental Postulates;2. Coulomb’s Law;Example 3-1 p78;2.2 Coulomb’s Law;Let us consider the simple case of an electric dipole that consists of a pair of equal and opposite charges +q and –q, separated by a small distance, d, as shown in Fig.;电偶极子的电场线和等位线;P;Example 3-4 p85-87;3. Gauss’s Law and Applications;;Example 3-5 p88;x; 因场量与? 无关，为了方便起见，可令观察点P 位于yz平面，即 ，那么 ;求得;Example 3-6 p89;Example 3-7 p90;;4. Electric Potential ;Electric potential does have physical significance, and it is related to the work done in carrying a charge from one point to another. As we defined the electric field intensity as the force acting on a unit test charge. Therefore, in moving a unit charge from point P1 to point P2 in an electric field, work must be done against the field and is equal to;We have defined a potential difference (electrostatic voltage) between points P2 and P1. It makes no more sense to talk about the absolute potential of a point than about the absolute phase of phasor or the absolute altitude of a geographical location; a reference zero-potential point, a reference zero (usually at t=0), or a reference zero altitude (usually at sea level) must first be specified. In most (but not all) cases the zero-potential point is taken at infinity. When the reference zero-potential point is not at infinity, it should be specifically stated.;Electric Potential due to a Charge Distribution;For a volume charge distribution;The electric potential at P produced by an electric dipole can be written down directly:;Make a two-dimensional sketch of the equipotential lines and the electric field lines for an electric dipole.;Example 3-9 P98-99;The preceding example illustra