移动通信-最新.ppt

Time-Division Multiple Access 时分多址的特点 TDMA系统的基站只需要一部发射机，可以避免因多部不同频率的发射机同时工作而产生的互调干扰; 频率规划简单。实现有话音时分配时隙，无话音时不分配，有利于提高系统容量； 由于移动台只在指定的时隙接收基站给它的信号，在一帧的其它时隙中，就可以接收网络的广播和管理信息，这对加强网络的控制和保证移动台的越区切换是有利的； TDMA系统设备必须有精确的定时和同步，才能准确地在指定的时隙接收基站发给它的信号。 Combining TDMA and FDMA f t c k2 k3 k4 k5 k6 k1 Each channel gets a certain frequency band for a certain amount of time. Example: GSM Advantages: More robust against frequency- selective interference Much greater capacity with time compression Inherent tapping protection Disadvantages: Frequency changes must be coordinated Code Division Multiplexing CDMA Each channel has unique“code” All channels use same spectrumat same time but orthogonal codes Advantages: bandwidth efficient – code space is huge no coordination or synchronization between different channels resists interference and tapping 3X capacity of TDMA, 1/25 power consumption Disadvantages: more complex signal regeneration Implemented using spread spectrum k2 k3 k4 k5 k6 k1 f t c What is CDMA ? Sender Receiver Code A A Code B B A B A B C B C A Code A A B C Time Frequency B C B A Base-band Spectrum Radio Spectrum spread spectrum Combining TDMA 、FDMA and CDMA Space Division Multiplexing SDMA Smart antenna systems are analogous to human hearing Smart antenna systems are arrays of antennas whose radiation patterns can be controlled by the combination of: Controlling signal phases A DSP weighting scheme Summary of Multiple Access FDMA TDMA CDMA time time time power power power frequency frequency frequency 蜂窝系统 Duplex Methods of Radio Links Downlink in GSM Forward in CDMA Uplink in GSM Reverse in CDMA Frequency Division Duplex FDD Forward link frequency and reverse link frequency is different In each link, signals are continuously transmitted in parallel. Mobile Station Base Station Forward link F1 Reverse link F2 Example of FDD systems BPF: Band Pass Filter Transmitter Receiver BPF BPF Transmitter Receiver BPF BPF F1 F2 F1 F2 Mobile Station Base Stat