缓冲溶液(Buffer solutions).pptVIP

Buffer solutions ; outline; A buffer solution is one which tend to resist changes in pH when small amounts of acid or base are added to it and its pH is not affected by dilution.; Acidic buffer solutions Basic buffer solutions ; An acidic buffer solution is simply one which has a pH less than 7. Acidic buffer solutions are commonly made from a weak acid and one of its salts - often a sodium salt.;Example : A weak acid and its conjugate base CH3CO2H / CH3CO2- (pH=4.76) We can change the pH of the buffer solution by changing the ratio of acid to salt.; A basic buffer solution has a pH greater than 7. Basic buffer solutions are commonly made from a weak base and one of its salts.;Example: A weak base and its conjugate acid NH3 / NH4+ (pH=9.25) We also can change the pH of the buffer solution by changing the ratio of base to salt.;A buffer solution has to contain things which will remove any hydrogen ions or hydroxide ions that you might add to it - otherwise the pH will change. Acidic and basic buffer solutions achieve this in different ways. Acidic buffer solutions Basic buffer solutions;Acidic buffer solutions;Adding an acid to this buffer solution;Adding a base to this buffer solution;Removal of the hydroxide ions by reacting with hydrogen ions;Basic buffer solutions;Adding an acid to this buffer solution;Removal of the hydrogen ions by reacting with hydroxide ions;Adding a base to this buffer solution;Henderson-Hasselbalch equation ;Example : Through calculation,please compare the additions of acid or base to a buffer solution and to pure water.;one liter of a buffer solution 1 M in acetic acid and 0.3 M in sodium acetate Upon addition of 100 ml of HCl 1 M : ?? [CH3CO2H] = (1 + 0.1) / 1.1 = 1.0 M and [CH3CO2-] = (0.3 - 0.1) / 1.1 = 0.18 M????????? pH = 4.76 + log (0.18 / 1) = 4.02 ; Upon addition of 100 ml of NaOH 1 M : [CH3CO2H] = (1 - 0.1) / 1.1 = 0.82 M [CH3CO2-] =