浅谈黑洞的分类与形成机制汇总.doc

浅谈黑洞的分类与形成机制 学生：杨亚鹏 指导老师：孙艳军 2015届 物理学3班 学号：201172010345 摘要：黑洞是现代物理学和天文学中研究的一个热点。爱因斯坦的广义相对论认为，物质的存在会造成时空的弯曲，人们所说的万有引力就是时空弯曲的表现。在大质量天体存在之处，时空弯曲的非常厉害，它的几何性质会发生重要的变化。黑洞也是广义相对论预言的一种特殊的天体，其基本特征是有一个封闭的视界。任何东西，包括光在内，只要进入视界以内都会被吞噬掉。本文详细讨论了黑洞的概念、形成过程、种类和性质。 关键词：暗星；逃逸；黑洞；引力塌缩；视界半径 Abstract:Black hole is a hot spot in modern physical and astronomical research. Einsteins general relativity believe that the presence of substances can cause bending of space-time, which is the so called gravitation.In the presence of massive celestial place, the space-time is bent extremely, and important changes in its geometric properties will occur. A black hole is a special kind of celestial predictions of general relativity, with a closed horizon as its basic characteristics. Anything just going into the horizon, including light, will be swallowed. This thesis discusses the concepts , the process of the formation, the types and the characteristics of the Black hole. Keywords:The dark star; Escape; Black hole; Gravitation Collapse; Horizon Radius  目 录 TOC \o 1-3 \h \u  HYPERLINK \l _Toc510 1、引言  PAGEREF _Toc510 3  HYPERLINK \l _Toc24988 2、黑洞概念的引入  PAGEREF _Toc24988 5  HYPERLINK \l _Toc17633 3、黑洞的形成机制  PAGEREF _Toc17633 5  HYPERLINK \l _Toc14631 3.1、超大质量型黑洞  PAGEREF _Toc14631 6  HYPERLINK \l _Toc21701 3.2、恒星型黑洞  PAGEREF _Toc21701 9  HYPERLINK \l _Toc24713 3.3、小型黑洞  PAGEREF _Toc24713 10  HYPERLINK \l _Toc2456 4、黑洞的分类  PAGEREF _Toc2456 11  HYPERLINK \l _Toc12488 4.1、史瓦西黑洞  PAGEREF _Toc12488 11  HYPERLINK \l _Toc32206 4.2、R-N黑洞  PAGEREF _Toc32206 12  HYPERLINK \l _Toc4591 4.3、克尔黑洞  PAGEREF _Toc4591 13  HYPERLINK \l _Toc23327 4.4、克尔-纽曼黑洞  PAGEREF _Toc23327 13  HYPERLINK \l _Toc18755 5、关于黑洞的一些简单性质  PAGEREF _Toc18755 14  HYPERLINK \l _Toc21098 5.1、黑洞的“无毛定理”  PAGEREF _Toc21098 14  HYPERLINK \l _Toc27181 5.2、黑洞的“面积不减定理”  PAGEREF _Toc27181 14  HYPERLINK \l _Toc16237 5.3、黑洞的霍金辐射  PAGEREF _Toc16237