机械工程英语绪论.ppt

机械工程英语;New Words and Terminologies;BUE(Build up edge)：切屑瘤 ductile：有延展性的 cutting ratio：切削率 finish：光洁度 hazard：危险 dislodge：移动 passing off：延伸 fan shape：扇形 hardness：硬度 toughness：韧性 rigidity：刚度 ;Article structurea;Unit 7 Metal cutting; These facts show the importance of metal cutting in general manufacturing. It is therefore important to understand the metal cutting process in order to make the best use of it. A number of attempts have been made in understanding the metal cutting process and using this knowledge to help improve manufacturing operations which involved metal cutting.（定语从句） 这些事实说明了金属切削在常规制造中的重要性。因此了解金属切削过程以充分利用它是重要的。在了解金属切削过程并运用这些知识帮助改善与金属切削有关的制造作业方面已经做了许多努力。 ;A typical cutting tool in simplified form is shown in Fig.7.1. The important features to be observed are follows. 典型切削刀具的简化形式如图7.1所示。要注意的重要特征如下。; 1. Rake angle. It is the angle between the face of the tool called the rake face（前刀面） and the normal to the machining direction. Higher the rake angle, better is the cutting and less are the cutting forces, increasing the rake angle reduces the metal backup（金属阻塞） available at the tool rake face. This reduces the strength of the tool tip（刀尖） as well as the heat dissipation through the tool. Thus, there is a maximum limit to the rake angle and this is generally of the order of 15°for high speed steel tools cutting mild steel. It is possible to have rake angles at zero or negative. 1.前角：它是被称为前刀面的刀具面与垂直机加工方向的夹角。前角越大，则切削越好且切削力越小，增加前角可以减少刀具前倾面上产生的金属阻塞。但这会和减少通过刀具散发的热量一样减少刀尖强度。因此前角有一最大限制，用高速钢刀具切削低碳钢通常为15°。前角取零度或负值也是可能的。 ; 2. Clearance angle. This is the angle between the machined surface and the underside of the tool called the flank face. The clearance angle is provided such that the tool will not rub the machined surface (thus spoiling the surface and increasing the cutting forces). A very large clearance angle reduces the strength of the tool tip, and hence normally an angle of the order of 5~6°is used. 2. 后角：这是机加工面与被称为后刀面的刀具底面夹角。后角使刀具不产生会损坏机加工面的摩擦和增加切削力。很大