第一章细胞和组织的适应与损伤课题.ppt

第一章细胞和组织的适应与损伤;细胞和组织的适应与损伤;第一节 细胞、组织的适应;什么是适应？;萎缩（Atrophy）;萎缩常见的部位;萎缩的原因和分类;萎缩的原因和分类;萎缩的原因和分类;萎缩的原因和分类;萎缩的病理变化;;;There is a relatively normal kidney at the left with only a few scattered, shallow cortical scars and one fairly large pale tan-yellow scar in the upper pole. The left kidney is atrophic because of renal arterial occlusion. Such a situation can lead to hypertension (Goldblatt kidney).;;;萎缩的病理变化;;;萎缩的结局;肥大（hypertrophy）;肥大常见的原因;肥大的病理变化;This is cardiac hypertrophy involving the left ventricle. The number of myocardial fibers does not increase, but their size can increase in response to an increased workload, leading to the marked thickening of the left ventricle in this patient with systemic hypertension.;;肥大的结局;增生（Hyperplasia）;增生的原因;增生的分类;增生的病理变化;The prominent folds of endometrium in this uterus opened to reveal the endometrial cavity are an example of hyperplasia. Cells forming both the endometrial glands and the stroma have increased in number. As a result, the size of the endometrium has increased. This increase is physiologic with a normal menstrual cycle.;This is an example of prostatic hyperplasia. The normal prostate is about 3 to 4 cm in diameter. The number of prostatic glands, as well as the stroma, has increased. The pattern of increase here is not uniform, but nodular. This increase is in response to hormonal manipulation, but in this case is not a normal physiologic process.;Here is one of the nodules of hyperplastic prostate. The cells making up the glands are normal in appearance, there are just too many of them.;增生的结局;化生（Metaplasia）;常见的化生类型;;;;;化生的病理学意义;;第二节 细胞和组织的损伤;什么是细胞和组织的损伤？;损伤的原因和机制;损伤的原因和机制;损伤的原因和机制;损伤的原因和机制;损伤的原因和机制;损伤的原因和机制;损伤的原因和机制;损伤的原因和机制;变性（Degeneration）;常见的变性类型;细胞水肿（Cellular Swelling）;细胞水肿（cellular swelling）;肾浊肿;;;细胞水肿（cellular swelling）;脂肪变性（Fatty Change/Steatosis);脂肪变性（fatty change/steatosis);脂肪变性（fatty change/steatosis);肝细胞脂肪变性的机制;肝细胞脂肪变的机制;This liver is slightly enlarged and has a pale yellow appearance, seen both on the c