专业英语 1概述.ppt

Technical English;Syllabus;Introduction;汉语翻译成英文;1.1 Historical perspective ;;The earliest humans had access to only a very limited number of materials, those that occur naturally: stone, wood, clay, skins, and so on. With time they discovered techniques for producing materials that had properties superior to those of the natural ones; these new materials included pottery and various metals. ;;It was not until relatively recent times that scientist came to understand the relationship between structural elements of materials and their properties. This knowledge, acquired in the past 60 years or so, has empowered them to fashion(shape), to a large degree, the characteristics of materials. ;;;The development of many technologies that make our existence so comfortable has been intimately associated with the accessibility of suitable materials. An advancement in the understanding of a material type is often the forerunner to the stepwise progression of a technology. ;;Materials scientists and engineers seek (try, investigate) to understand and control the basic structure of materials in order to make the products stronger, lighter, brighter, safer, faster and better suited (adapt, fit )to human needs. Every part in your car and every piece of your computer are carefully selected to optimize performance and cost effectiveness. ;4.Materials Science and Engineering (MSE) discipline The discipline of materials science involves investigating the relationships that exist between the structures and properties of materials. In contrast, materials engineering is, on the basis of these structure–property correlations, designing or engineering the structure of a material to produce a predetermined set of properties. Throughout this text we draw attention to the relationships between material properties and structural elements.;‘‘Structure’’ is at this point a nebulous term that deserves some explanation. In brief, the structure of a material usually relates to the a