高中英语语法句型与归纳论述.pptVIP

句 子 成 分 Members of a Sentence;*句子成分由词或词组充当;英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。;基本句型 一：Ｓ Ｖ （主＋谓）;Ｓ │ Ｖ （不及物动词）;基本句型 二： Ｓ Ｖ Ｐ （主＋系＋表）;系动词分两类：be, look, keep, seem等，表情况；get, grow, become, turn等属另一类，表变化。 be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义。;Ｓ │Ｖ（是系动词）│ Ｐ（表语） ;*There be 结构： There be 表示‘存在有’。这里的there没有实际意义，不可与副词‘there那里’混淆。 此结构后跟名词，表示‘（存在）有某事物’ ;基本句型 三： Ｓ Ｖ Ｏ （主＋谓＋宾）;Ｓ │Ｖ（及物动词）│ Ｏ（宾语）;基本句型 四： Ｓ Ｖ ｏ Ｏ （主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）;Ｓ │Ｖ（及物）│ ｏ（多指人） │ Ｏ（多指物）;基本句型 五： Ｓ Ｖ Ｏ Ｃ （主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）; The war made him a soldier. New methods make the job easy. I often find him at work. The teacher ask the students to close the windows. I saw a cat running across the road.;Ｓ │Ｖ（及物）│ Ｏ（宾语） │ Ｃ（宾补） ;a，Ｓ Ｖ b， Ｓ Ｖ Ｐ c，Ｓ Ｖ Ｏ d，Ｓ Ｖ ｏ Ｏ e，Ｓ Ｖ Ｏ Ｃ ;但常用的英语句子并不都象基本句型这样简短，除了基本句型的成分不变外，通常是在这些成分的前面或后面增加一些修饰语而加以扩大。这些修饰语可以是单词（adj./adv./num.数词）短语（主要是介词短语、不定式短语和分词短语）。我们称之为：定语、状语 The little boy needs a blue pen. ;一、 定语：;Two boys need two pens. His name is Tom. The boy in blue is Tom. The boy there needs a pen. The boy needs a ball pen. There is nothing to do today. The pen bought by her is made in China. The boy you will know is Tom. ;二、状语：; In the classroom, the boy needs a pen. 在教室里，男孩需要一支钢笔。 （地点状语） Before his mother, Tom is always a boy. 在母亲面前,汤姆总是一个男孩子.(条件状语) On Sundays, there is no student in the classroom. 星期天,教室里没有学生.(时间状语) ; He sits there, asking for a pen. 他坐在那儿要一支笔。（表示伴随状态） Having to finish his homework, the boy needs a pen. 因为不得不完成作业，男孩需要一支笔。（原因状语） Frightened, he sits there soundlessly. （因为）受了惊吓，他无声地坐在那儿。（原因状语）; The boy needs a pen to do his homework. 男孩需要一支笔写家庭作业。（目的状语） To make his dream come true, Tom becomes very interested in business. 为实现梦想,汤姆变得对商业很有兴趣. ;状语从句： 时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、 结果状语从句、目的状语从句、比较状语从句、 让步状语从句、条件状语从句 ;三、同位语：;四、独立成分：;一) 挑出下列句中的宾语 ① My brother hasnt done his homework. ② People all over the world speak English. ④ How many new words did you learn last class? ⑤ Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you? ⑥ The old man sitting at the gate said he was