分组控制方法的评估.docVIP

分组控制方法的评估---对比以测量为基础的全面风险评估 分组控制方法是化工处理工作中的一种简化的风险评估体系。人们认为这个体系在没有专家参与的情况下可以提供质量合理的评估结果。这项研究的目的是在职业安全的基础上评估分组控制方法评估的合理性。工作场所风险评估的常用方法，在此研究中称为全面风险评估法，是用来衡量工人的接触并与职业接触限值相比较。在日本一个石油公司的12个工作场所用分组控制法进行风险评估，而健康风险由专家通过全面风险评估法以及采用相应的控制技术单独进行了评估。关于其准确性，得到公认的的分组控制评价法通过与现存的控制技术进行对比得到验证。大多数情况下通过分组控制方法评估被确定为“过度控制”；没有评价被确定为“控制适当”。在大多数情况下分组控制也需要寻求专家的建议。因此，事实证明，分组控制方法易于提供部分安全的评价。对此的可能解释是分组控制方法本质上是用来设计通过弥补它不足的暴露信息来确保职业安全，弥补方法是采用部分安全的评价标准和在高危情况下专家的介入。假如上述特点预先注意到并且可得到健康专家的帮助，分组控制方法可以被广泛和有效的运用在日本，特别是被一些小企业的雇主运用。为了这个目的，培养新的当地健康专家和建立机构体制机制来便利雇主获取专家意见是必要的。然而应该意识到在此研究中工作场所的数目是比较少的。 附英文： Evaluation of the control banding method--comparison with measurement-based comprehensive risk assessment. The control banding method, or control banding, is a simplified risk assessment system for chemical handling tasks. This system is supposed to provide assessment results of reasonable quality without expert involvement. The objective of this study was to evaluate the appropriateness of control banding judgment on the basis of workplace safety. A common approach for assessing workplace risk, which is called comprehensive risk assessment in this study, is to measure workers exposure and compare it with relevant occupational exposure limits. Risk assessment was performed with control banding (COSHH Essentials, UK) at 12 workplaces of a petroleum company in Japan, where health risks had already been assessed separately through comprehensive risk assessment by experts and control technologies implemented accordingly. The obtained control banding judgments were then examined with regard to their adequacy by comparing them with existing control technologies. There was majority of cases (seven) where judgments by control banding were identified as over-controlled; there was no judgments identified as under-controlled. Control banding also requested the seeking of expert advice in the majority of cases (eight). Thus, it was demonstrated that control banding tends to provide safe-sided judgment. A possible inter