第五章_语态转换(汉译英)分析.ppt

Session 5: 如何翻译汉语中的主动语态 1、Homework –checking 2、Translating sentences in active voice in Chinese 3、Exercises 4、Summarizing Homework 1、She told me that her master had dismissed her. No reason had been assigned; no objection had been made to her conduct. She had been forbidden to appeal to her mistress.Master: 男主人 mistress： 女主人 2、He was guided in his everyday life by an unshakable conviction that moral values are absolute. 参考译文： 1、她告诉我男主人解雇了她，没有给出这么做的任何理由， 对她的行为也没有提任何异议。此外,不许她向女主人求 情。 2、日常生活中，他有一条不可动摇的信念，那就是：道德 标准至高无上。 或：日常生活中，一条不可动摇的信念指引着他，那就是： 道德标准高于一切。 Homework 3、Governments of low-income countries must be persuaded to give greater priority to education in their discussions with donors, and to allocate to it a greater share of the savings from debt relief. 4、I felt uneasy for the whole day as I was aroused from deep sleep by the ringing of the telephone early in the morning. 参考译文： 3、在与捐助国进行商谈时必须说服低收入国家的政府部门将教育放在更重要的地位，并将债务减免款中的更大份额分配给教育部门。 4、清晨电话铃声把我从梦中吵醒，我一天都无精打采。或：清晨我被电话铃声从梦中吵醒，一天都无精打采。 5、If there is any confusion or misunderstanding in the application, the patent might not be granted or the inventor might not be fully protected. 6、Rainbows are formed when sunlight passes through small drops of water in the sky. 参考译文： 5、若专利申请中有令人费解或误解之处，则不授予专利 权，也不为发明人提供充分保护/专利申请者得不到充 分保护。 6、彩虹是阳光穿过天空中的小水滴时形成的。 或：阳光穿过天空中的小水滴时形成了彩虹。 汉语的主动语态转译为英语的被动语态 鉴于英汉两种语言在语态上的差别，英译汉时要根据汉语的语态特点，通过不同的方式，把被动语态转化为汉语的主动语态，而汉译英时，就要根据英语的语态特点和行文需要，很多情况下把汉语的主动语态转译为英语的被动语态。 例：困难克服了，工作完成了，问题也解决了。 The difficulties have been overcome, the task has been fulfilled/accomplished /done and the problem solved. 例：军备竞赛必须禁止。 例：文章总算写完了。 Military competition must be prohibited. The article has finally been finished. （二）“是+动词+的”的判断句 如果汉语句子中“是”后面接的是动词，而且句子表达的是科学的或客观的现象，原文也没有表明动作的发出者，这样的句子一般译成英语的被动语态。 例：知识分子的问题就是在这样的基础上提出来的。 The question of the intellectuals was raised on such a basis. 例：任何国家的主权都是不容侵犯的。 The sovereignty of no country should