9He-Ne激光模式分析.pptVIP

* The wavelength of the light shown in Figure 8 is far out of proportion to the cavity length and the mirror size. We have shown 8 wavelengths and that is far too few for a real laser which emits laser radiation. For an actual case, say for an optical cavity of 20 cm emitting visible laser light at 0.5 micrometers, the number of integer wavelengths between the two mirrors would be (36) You can see that it would be difficult to draw 400,000 wavelengths in Figure 8, but thats how many would be in a 20 cm laser cavity emitting 0.5 mm light. Now we learned earlier that standing waves between fixed points exist as long as an integral number of half-wavelengths can fit exactly between the mirrors. For the laser described above, that would be 800,000 half-wavelengths. So we can have 800,000 half-wavelengths, or we can have 800,001 or 799,999 and so on. The wavelength difference between these three is very small, as you might guess. Since the wavelength of light is so small, we dont have to lengthen or shorten a mode wavelength by very much to exactly fit in another integral number of half wavelengths. In fact, the difference is so small that more than one longitudinal mode (standing wave) does in fact exist in a laser at the same time. Thats because a laser does not emit perfectly monochromatic light so that the wavelength spread is enough to overlap many times the wavelength difference between adjacent longitudinal modes. Lets figure out what this wavelength difference between successive longitudinal modes is. Based on Figure 8, Figure 9 shows what two simultaneously oscillating longitudinal modes (standing waves) might look like. (Remember that the wavelengths shown are much, much larger than those for real lasers.) ? Fig. 9 A diagram of two simultaneously oscillating longitudinal modes in the laser cavity. The shorter wavelength , mode is described by a frequency vq; the longer wavelenth a lower frequency vq–1. There are, of course, many more modes possible.