专题十三非谓语动词.docVIP

专题‘非谓语动词’ 非谓语动词有三种形式：动词不定式，动名词，分词 动词不定式 基本结构“to+动词原形”，否定式是“not + to +动词原形”。to是不定式的符号，本身无意义 句法功能 作主语 To learn English well is not easy. = It is not easy to learn English well. 学好英语不容易。 2）．作表语 My job is to teach English. =To teach English is my job. 我的工作是教英语。 3）．作宾语 He wanted to ask you a question. 他想问你一个问题。 4）作 定语 I have a lot of work to do . 我有很多工作要做。 Have you got anything to say? 你有什么要说的吗？ 注意：不定式作定语，要放在所修饰词的后面。 5）作目的状语 He went to the station to meet his friend. 他去车站为了见他的朋友。 6）作宾语不足语 如：ask sb. to do sth. / tell sb. to do sth. / want sb. to do sth./ would like sb. to do sth. My parents don’t allow me to watch TV this term. 这学期父母不允许我看电视。 Mother asks me not to play computer games before finishing my homework. 妈妈告诉我在完成作业之前不能玩电脑游戏。 注意：在make / let/ see/ hear / watch等使役，感官动词后，不定式省略to make sb. do sth. / see sb. do sth. 3.特殊疑问词+不定式 不定式可以和疑问代词who ,what ，which, 疑问副词 when， how， why ，，where连用构成不定式短语 The teacher is telling the students what to do . 教师在告诉学生们做什么。 He didn’t know where to go . 他不知道去哪里。 动名词 由动词原形+ ing构成 作主语 Swimming in this river is dangerous. 在这个河里游泳很危险。 2．作 宾语 He likes playing football very much. 他非常喜欢踢足球。 Stamps are used for sending letters. 邮票是被用来寄信的。 3. 作表语 My hobby is collecting shells. = Collecting shells is my hobby. 我的爱好是收集贝壳。 4.作定语 My mother is in living room. 我妈妈在客厅里。 注意：这些动词常跟动名词作宾语： finish / enjoy / mind / be worth / practice/ have fun/ spend / be busy/ give up / be used to / feel like 等 I enjoy listening to music. The book is worth reading . 分词 分词分为现在分词和过去分词。现在分词表示主动和进行的意思。过去分词表示完成和被动的意思。 作定语 Do you know the girl standing over there? 你知道站在那边的那个女孩吗？ There are many fallen leaves on the ground. 地上有许多落叶。 2.作状语 Being ill, he didn’t go to school. 因为病了，他没有去上学。 3作表语 I was pleased at the news. 我听到这个消息很高兴。 4．作宾语不足语 He kept me waiting for a long time. 他让我等了很长时间。 易混易错点 hear sb. do sth./ hear sb. doing sth. I heard him singing in the classroom.（“唱歌”这个动作正在进行。） I heard him sing in the classroom.（“唱歌”这个动作已经结束） 这样的动词如：see, watch, notice, hear , find , have 2.