中山大学2003语言学概论参考答案.docVIP

中山大学2003年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题 科目代码：453 科目名称：语言学概论 参考答案： I. 1.ally / ??????/ 2. adjourn/ ???????/ 3. ascend/ ?????? / 4.embryo /′?mbri / 5. lable / ?????/ 6. entrepreneur/ ?????????????/ 7. piteous / ????????/ 8. resurrect / ??????????/ 9.nuisance / ???????? / 10. genre / ??????/ II. 1. system 2. sounds 4.NoamChomsky 5. complementary distribution 6. free form 7. collocation 8.exocentric 9. The Meaning of Meaning 10. tenor 11.Sapir- Whorf 12.Handbook of American Indian Language 13. Systemic-Functional 14. Lingnan 15. cleft III. 1. Design features refer to the defining properties of human language that distinguish it from any animal system of communication, such as arbitrariness, creativity. 2. Language is not an isolated phenomenon; it is a social activity carried out in a certain environment by human beings. In the course of time the study of language has established close links with other branches of social studies, resulting in some interdisciplinary branches of linguistics study. They are generally regarded as macrolinguistics, for example, sociolinguistics, and psycholinguistics. 3. When the air stream coming from the lungs meets with no obstruction whatsoever, the sound produced in this way is a vowel. 4. The two words in a language which differ form each other by only one distinctive sound one phoneme and which also differ in meaning are minimal pair. For example, the English words bear and pear are a minimal pair as they differ in meaning and in their initial phonemes /b/ and /p/. 5. Folk etymology refers to a change in form of a word or phrase, resulting from an incorrect popular notion of the origin or meaning of the term or from the influence of more familiar terms mistakenly taken to be analogous. 6.Tense refers to the relationship between the form of the verb and the time of the action or state it describes. In English, verbs may be in the past and present tense. 7.Immediate constituent analysis may be defined as the analysis of a sentence in terms o