BasicSofteningIntroduction軟化原理的介紹.pptVIP

Nature’s Continuous Reuse System大自然連續重複的循環系統 Water enters the atmosphere by evaporation from open bodies of water or transpiration (breathing) of plant and tree foliage. Water exists all around us as the invisible pure water vapor whose quantity is measured by humidity. When this moisture condenses into clouds and the particles become sufficiently large they fall as rain, snow, sleet or hail. Then there is fog and dew (including the moisture that collects on the outside of an iced beverage glass) which are special close-to earth circumstances of this condensation and fallout. What Familiar Mineral Add to Water在水中有那些我們的熟悉的礦石 Water Softening Methods軟化的方法 Chemical softening - lime softening, hot and cold, lime-soda softening(化學軟化法-石灰,熱冷處理,石灰蘇打) Membrane separation softening – nanofiltration (膜分離軟化-毫微過濾器) Cation exchange softening – inorganic, carbonaceous, or organic base exchangers (陽離子交換軟化-無機的,碳質地,或有機的基礎交換. Process (Equation)軟化方程式 Softening(軟化分程式) 2RNa + Ca(HCO3)2 → R2Ca + 2NaHCO3 Sodium Calcium Calcium Calcium Sodium Ion Exchange bicarbonate ion exchange bicarbonate Resin in water Resin in water 納離子樹脂交換 水中鈣離子 樹脂交換鈣離子 水中納重碳酸鹽 Regeneration(樹脂再生方程式) R2Ca + 2NaCl → 2RNa + CaCl2 Calcium Sodium Sodium Sodium Calcium ion exchange chloride ion exchange chloride in water resin (brine) resin going to waste 樹脂交換鈣離子 納氯化物(鹽水) 納離子樹脂交換 水中鈣氯化物(廢棄物) * R = Cation Exchange Resin Softener System Operating Process (全自動軟化系統工作流程) Basic Purifying Introduction淨化原理的介紹 水中除硬化物質外上有下列幾類主要雜質: 旋浮物(泥沙等) 藻類 重金屬離子(如鉛,汞,砷,鎘,錳,硒,鐵,鉻,鋁,鎳,