Chap.8荒野、生态学与伦理学wilderness,EcologyandEthics.pptVIP

Chap. 8 荒野、生態學與倫理學wilderness, Ecology and Ethics 鄭先祐 (Ayo) 國立臺南大學 環境與生態學院 生態科學與技術學系 課程大綱 Part I 基本概念 Part II 環境倫理學與應用倫理學 Part III 環境倫理學的理論 7 生命中心倫理 (Biocentric ethics) 8 荒野 (wilderness)、生態學與倫理學 9 土地倫理(The Land Ethic) 10 深層生態學(Deep Eco logy) 11 社會生態學 與 生態女性主義 (Eco-feminism) 12 可持續力(sustainability) Chap. 8 荒野、生態學與倫理學 Wilderness (荒野) The contemporary debate From ecology to philosophy 生態學發展史 Ecocentric ethics (生態中心倫理) Comments 1) Wilderness (荒野) Wildness(荒野，野地), those areas “where the earth and its community of life are untrammeled by man, where man himself is a visitor who does not remain.” (美國 the wildness Act of 1964) 法律規定荒野應該保護與管理，作為休閒娛樂或未來之用。允許打獵、釣魚、露營等活動，但不允許伐木，採礦等商業用途。 荒野，對人類生存有害？ 荒野，瘴癘之氣？ 荒野，未被征服(拓荒)的地區。 荒野，純真，美麗，伊甸園 (romantic idea) 2) The contemporary debate The romantic model has probably had a more pervasive and pivotal (中樞的，重要的) influence on contemporary environmentalism. 不正確？ 荒野沒有被開發過？沒有人居住？ 美洲印地安人？ 荒野是仁慈，親切，美麗的地方？ 惡劣的環境？ 荒野(自然)是未被接觸的？人從自然分離開來？ 人類只是自然的一部份？ 荒野是靜態的，不會改變的地方？ 自然的動態的，人類的影響是無遠弗屆的。 Holmes Rolston Wilderness and inhabited region(荒地與人居地區), 只是對應 nature and culture (自然與文化). Although humans are part of the natural world, the extent and rate of change due to human activities are significantly different from the extent and rate of natural change. Callicott and Nelson J. Baird Callicott and Michael Nelson, The wilderness idea is too important to be abandoned. We must look to a reformed idea of wilderness that cat continue to guide environmental policy. Two alternatives to the received view We might focus on the nonhuman values associated with wild areas, particularly their value as habitat for other, often rare and endangered life-forms. Wilderness areas are providing opportunities for humans to live within a natural, sustainable, and symbiotic relationship with wild nature. 3) From ecology to philosophy Wilderness areas 的價值，顯現「生態學理」對「環境倫理學」的重要性。 生態科學，is little more than one hundred years old. The first use of the term ecology is the Ger