Unit2.ppt-湖南城市学院教务处.ppt

Unit 2 Geodetic Surveying and Plane Surveying大地测量和平面测量 plane n.平面; adj.平坦的 n.1.平面图 2.可以不计地球曲面投影变形影响的,描述小范围面积的地图。通常地图比例尺不应小于1:5000。 feature n.1.特征 2.可以作为标志的显著特点 eg. design with topographical feature 根据地形特征进行设计 natural features 自然特征点 artificial features 人工特征点 contour n.1.轮廓;轮廓线 2.外形;结构 n.1.等高线 2.地图上地面高程相等的各相邻点所连成的曲线。 eg. contoured / contour map 等高线图 contoured bathymetric map 水深线图，等深线图 Plan n.1.计划，打算，方案 2.平面图，示意图 The plans of the new development are on show at the town hall. 镇公所大厅展示了新开发的平面图。 vt.vi. 1.计划，打算，设计 I have planned the whole thing to the smallest detail. 我已经把整个事情连最小的细节都计划好了。 chart n.1,图标 2，航海图 The course of a ship is marked on a chart. 轮船的航线已经在航海图上标出。 vt.1,绘制地图，在图上标出 The navigator charted the course of the ship. 领航员在航海图上标出船的航线。 2，记录，记述，跟踪（进展或发展） 3，计划行动 ；制定计划 figure n.1.数字 The above figure did not include workers. 上面的数字没有包括工人。 2.图解,图表;装饰性的图案 The figure on page 22 shows a political map of Africa. 第22页的插图是非洲的政区图。 王之卓： The development of “Surveying and Mapping” in the information era is “Geomatics”. Types of Surveys 测量类型 (1) land surveys (2) topographic surveys (3) route surveys (4) city surveys (5) construction surveys (6) hydrographic surveys (7) marine surveys (8) forestry and geological surveys (9) photogrammetric surveys Hydrographic adj.与水道测量有关 of or relating to hydrographics Eg. hydrographic survey hydrographic surveyor hydrographic map Hydro- or dydr- 表示“水，液，流体”，“氢的，含氢的”之义 Combining form 结合的形式 Indicating or denoting water, liquid, or fluid表明或表示水、液体或者流体 Two general classifications of surveys are geodetic and plane. 目前测量的主要方法分为大地测量和平面测量。 In geodetic surveying, the curved surface of the earth is considered by performing the computations on a spheroid. 在大地测量中，地球曲面被近似认为是一椭球来计算。 In plane surveying, except for leveling, the reference base for field work and computation