class7-En-20141114-系统发育要点.ppt

* * * * show phylogeny construction information * Tree/Branch Style (树形选择) * 长方形 Rectangular 直线形 Straight 辐射形 Radiation 环形 Circle * Optimization the output of tree (树枝形态的优化) * Optimization the output of tree ：Tree * * Optimization the output of tree ：Branch * * Optimization the output of tree ：Labels * Subtree * Subtree * Save the tree * Save the tree How to explain the tree？ Branch Bootstrap value (70%) Group, subfamily… Branch length The shortest distance to the common node AT3g51820Os05g28200 =0.16+0.02+0.11+0.08 =0.37 * Exercise 2 Mulitiple alignment coding sequences Exercise.fas with Mega; Make a NJ-tree (bootstrap trails of 1000, NJ-tree); Make the tree more suitable in the manuscript like the right figure. What is the distance between sequences 6 and B? * * * * Bioinformatics * * JIAO WANG (王娇) National Center for Soybean Improvement （国家大豆改良中心） Email: wjiao@ Tel: Evolutionary biology and Bioinformatics * * * * What is Phylogenetics? In biology, phylogenetics is the study of evolutionary relatedness among various groups of organisms (for example, species or populations), which is discovered through molecular or morphological data. * * Phylogenetics tree A phylogenetic tree is a branching “tree” showing one species/sequence gives rise to two through successive events of speciation (branching). The taxa joined together in the tree are implied to have descended from a common ancestor. Phylogenetic relationship “Phylogenetic relationship” refers to the relative times in the past that species shared common ancestors.? * It does not refer to the similarities and differences among organisms. Read a tree 1 2 3 * * * Traditional Phylogentics Physical and phenotypical characteristics are used to build a tree. Color, weight, height, eyes, wings…. * * Modern Molecular Phylogenetics Nucleotide or amino acid sequences * Two branches arising from eac