第八讲虚拟语气.docVIP

第八讲 虚拟语气 1. 考查虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的使用。 （1） 通常情况下的应用； if 从句中 主句中 与现在事实相反的假设 谓语动词用过去式 （be用were） would/could/might + 动词原形 与过去事实相反的假设 had + p.p. would/could/might + have + p.p. 与将来事实相反的假设 ① 谓语动词用过去式（be用were） ② should + 动词原形 ③ were to + 动词原形 would/could/might + 动词原形 如： If I were a bird, I would fly in the sky. （现在） If you had taken my advice, that wouldn’t have happened. (过去) If I were to do it, I would do it in a different way. （将来） If I saw him tomorrow, I would pass your note to him. (将来) （2）错综时间条件句中的应用 当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间来调整。如： If you had worked hard, you would be very tired. It is hard for you to imagine what I would be doing today if I had spent all my spare time studying but not playing. (3) 含蓄虚拟条件句中的应用 有时假设的情况不是用if 从句表达出来的，而是通过一些特殊词、短语或上下文表示出来。如： I would have written to you early, but I have been ill. I was ill then. Otherwise/or I would have attended the meeting. But for the storm, we should have arrived earlier. She would have cried, but that he laughed. Without your help, I couldn’t have finished my task. Born in better times, he would have done even better. (4) 虚拟条件句的省略倒装 在if 引导的条件句中，如有were, had, should, 可以省略if, 而将were, had, should 提到句首，采用倒桩结构。如： Were I a bird, I would fly in the sky. Had you taken my advice, that wouldn’t have happened. Should they act like that, we should criticize them severely. 2. 虚拟语气在名词性从句中的使用。 (1) 在主语从句中的使用 ① It is necessary ( important, natural, strange, surprising, a pity, a shame, (one’s) desire) that …… 在that 引起的主语从句中用should + 动词原形，should 可以省去。 It is necessary that a person (should) drink several glasses of water every day. It is strange that she (should) be late for such an important conference. ② It is suggested / desired / ordered / requested / proposed …… that …… 在that引起的主语从句中用should + 动词原形，should 可以省去。如： It has been decided that the meeting (should) be put off till next Saturday. (2) 在宾语从句中的使用 ①在动词desire(渴望)，insist(坚持，坚决要求)，order, command, deman