2016年电大attributive clause定语从句.doc

18. 定语从句 定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出 关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等 18.1 关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语宾语定语等成分关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致 1）who, whom, that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下： He is the man who/that wants to see you. 他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语） He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人（whom/that在从句中作宾语） 2) Whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）, 例如： Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.请递给我那本绿皮的书 3）which, that 它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语宾语等，例如： A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣（which / that在句中作宾语） 18.2 关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词可代替的先行词是时间地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语 1）when, where, why 关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于介词+ which结构，因此常常和介词+ which结构交替使用，例如： There are occasions when (on which) one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的时候 2）that代替关系副词 that可以用于表示时间地点方式理由的名词后取代when, where, why和介词+ which引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略，例如： His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born.他父亲在他出生那年逝世了 18.3 判断关系代词与关系副词 方法一： 用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词.例如： This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. Ill never forget the days when I worked together with you. 方法二： 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主谓宾定状)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词 例1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days age? A. whereB. that C. on which D. the one 例2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held. A. whereB. that C. on whichD. the one 答案：例1 D , the one=which，例2 A 18.4 限制性和非限制性定语从句 1) 定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开，例如： This is the house which we bought last month.这是我们上个月买的那幢房子（限制性） The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的（非限制性） 2) 当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的，例如： Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理·史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师 My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园 This novel, whic