合约生效日期及还款担保.doc

合约生效日期及还款担保 1. SAJ与NEWBUILDCON的相关条文 这方面在SAJ标准格式合约是Article XIX如下： “This Contract shall become effective as from the date of execution hereof by the BUYER and the BUILDER. However, in the event that Export license and Construction Permit for the Vessel shall not have been issued by the Japanese Government with (日子) days from the date of this Contract, then, in such case, this Contract shall automatically become null and void, unless otherwise mutually agreed in writing between the parties hereto, and the both parties hereto shall be immediately and completely discharged from all of their obligations to each other under this Contract as though this Contract had never been entered into at all” 在NEWBUILDCON，有关的内容是在Clause 44如下： “44 Effective date of Contract (a) This Contract shall become effective when the conditions stated in Box 25 have been satisfied. If no conditions are stated in Box 25 then the effective date of the Contract shall be the date stated in Box 1. The parties shall immediately notify each other when the conditions stated in Box 25 relevant to that Party have been satisfied. (b) If any of the conditions referred to above have not been satisfied within the number of days stated in Box 26 after the date of this Contract stated in Box 1, this Contract shall be deemed null and void and both Parties shall immediately be relieved of any obligations or liabilities to the other party under this Contract.” 2. 先决条件与后续条件的介绍 有许多的合约，双方当事人在他们之间的谈判完结并且已经是双方签署了合约后，实际上可以说已经达成协议，互相约束，甚至可以开始履行，但有各种原因无法或者不愿意无条件受到约束，而希望有一个脱身的机会，针对如果在某一些剩下的重要要求如果办不成或者是不满意。在造船合约而言，这种重要的要求会是船厂把船东需要他们公司董事局的批准（特别是一个大企业，这要求会是真正需要），或是双方需要得到银行的融资（船厂会需要建造船舶的融资，因为船东分期付款通常是不足够满足在造船期间流动资金的需要，另需要银行提供还款担保，而船东则需要银行融资去支付船价），或者是需要政府的批准与出口许可证（例如日本以前就需要政府签发出口证，这个要求现在已经取消，但仍然需要交通部[现在改名为Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport]签发一份批文）等。 上述重要的工作都有一个可能存在问题，是无法去预先准备，去进行只能是整个造船合约已经是在一份完整的文件中确定与正式记录了。换言之是船东或船厂不能尚在谈判的时候，对最后能达成什么结果没有底，就去进行例如向中国进出口银行申请还款担保。即使达成了造船合约，去进行的时候也不能把双方整个谈判过程存在大量文件往来去交出，让董事