研究生英语unit3要点.pptVIP

Desert ecology How plants survive 5.Within a few hours of rain falling, thousands of flowering plants will start to appear. Seeds of plants such as the desert dandelion(沙漠蒲公英) lie in the ground for years waiting for the rain. These plants die as the desert dries out again, leaving their seeds for the next rains. 下雨后的几个小时内，成千上万的有花植物开始发芽。许多植物的种子比如说沙漠蒲公英落在地上多年等待着雨水的滋润，这些植物后又因干旱死去，留下种子等待日后的雨露再发芽。 How plants survive 6.Other plants have adapted to the harsh environment by storing water in their leaves, stems or roots. The America saguaro cactus(美洲树形仙人掌) can hold 6 to 8 tonnes of water. Desert plants often have spreading root systems which extract every drop of moisture from the ground. The root of the mesquite(牧豆树) bush can be 20m deep. 其他的植物通过其叶、茎、根储存水分，调节本身来适应恶劣的环境，如美洲的树形仙人掌可储存六至八吨水。沙漠植物的根须一般分布深广，能从地下吸取每一滴水分，如牧豆树灌木的根就深达20米。 How plants survive harsh adj.粗糙的;刺耳的;严厉的,严格的;残酷的 stem n.(花草的)茎;?词干;(高脚酒杯的)脚;?烟斗柄; vt.遏制[阻止]（液体的流动等）;?阻止;?封堵;?遏止 extract vt.提取;?（费力地）拔出;?选取;?获得;?n.汁;?摘录;?提炼物;?浓缩物; moisture n.水分;?湿气;?潮湿;?降雨量; How plants survive 7.Plants generally lose water through pores in their leaves. To prevent this, desert plants have small waxy leaves and fewer pores. Many close their pores during the day so they don’t lose moisture. To protect themselves against grazing animals, some plants have thorns or an unpleasant taste . 植物一般通过叶孔流失水分，为了防止水分的流失，沙漠植物都长着很小的蜡光叶和较小的叶孔，许多植物为防止水分流失白天还关闭自己的叶孔。为了保护自己免遭食草动物啮食，一些植物长满长刺或者味道极差. pore n.毛孔;?气孔;?细孔;?vi.细看;?钻研;?凝视;? waxy adj.像蜡的;?蜡色的;?苍白的;?光滑的; grazing n.放牧，牧场，草场; vt.(让动物)吃草；轻擦；擦破；擦过；掠过 How plants survive Cacti （仙人掌）are protected by their sharp spines. Cacti are found only in America desert. The tallest are saguaros which can reach 15m(50 ft) tall, weigh 7 tons and live for 200 years. Water is stored in the stem and used in times of drought. 仙人掌就用尖刺保护自己。只有美洲的沙漠才生长着仙人掌。最高的仙人掌叫做树形仙人掌，高达15米，重7吨，可存活200年之久。它的茎干能够储存水分以备干旱时使用。 Animal life 8