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12.14.4?Assigning a material orientation or rebar reference orientation You can assign a material orientation or a rebar reference orientation. The following sections describe how to assign these orientations: “Assigning a material orientation” “Assigning a rebar reference orientation” Assigning a material orientation The global coordinate system determines the default material orientations. However, you can assign specific material orientations to a shell, solid part, region, skin, or stringer by selecting a datum coordinate system or discrete field or by defining a discrete orientation. For an Abaqus/Standard analysis you can define the local coordinate system in user subroutine ORIENT. The datum coordinate systems can be rectangular, cylindrical, or spherical; and you can apply an additional rotation to the coordinate system if required. For more information, see ?Orientations,? Section 2.2.5 of the Abaqus Analysis Users Manual. In cases where Abaqus/CAE attempts to draw coordinate systems for material orientations at singularity points of the system (i.e., points for which the user-selected coordinate system and the geometric normal from either geometry or elements cannot be resolved into a valid orientation for display purposes in Abaqus/CAE), the coordinate system will be drawn collapsed. For continuum shell elements, Abaqus/CAE does not project the displayed material orientations onto the midplane surface. You can perform a data check and view the output database in the Visualization module to verify the material orientations. For more information, see ?Performing a data check on a model,? Section 19.7.3. The material orientations that you assign to a part or region are assigned automatically to all instances of that part in the assembly. You can use the Query toolset to verify that you have assigned the correct material orientation to a selected region. For more information, see ?Using the Query toolset to obtain assignment information,? Section 12.18. You