LanguageandBrain语言与大脑.pptVIP

Language and Brain Psycholinguistics Neurolingustics Neurolinguistics The relationship between brain and language. 1. how the structure of the brain influences language learning 2. how and in which parts of the brain language is stored 3. how damage to the brain affects the ability to use language Structure of human brain 1,400 grams Ten billion nerve cells – neuron 神经元 Billions of fibers Brain stem 脑干 Cerebrum 前脑 Cortex 大脑皮层 Corpus callosum 胼胝体 Study of the brain evidence for lateralization Autopsy studies 事后分析 Investigation of the brain itself: Sodium Amytal Test 钠阿米妥测试；Computerized Axial Tomography (CT scanning) X轴断层摄影术；Positron Emission Tomography (PET) 正电子放射摄影术. Examination of the behavior associated with the brain: dichotic listening studies; split brain studies. Aphasia A number of acquired language disorders due to the cerebral lesions caused y vascular problems, a tumor, an accident and so on. Broca’s Aphasia Wernicle’s Aphasia S : Broca受到损伤时，病人能够看懂文字和听懂别人的谈话，但却不会讲话，也就是不能用词语表达自己的思想，这种情况叫做运动性失语症 H : Wernicle受到损伤时，病人会讲话会书写，也能看懂文字，但却听不懂别人的谈话，这种情况叫做听觉性失语症。 Broca’s Aphasia Non-fluent aphasia One is global aphasia: completely mute Phonologically: the speech is very halting and lack of normal sentence intonation. Syntactically: produce telegraphic speech, omit functional words and inflectional affixes. Show writing disturbances that are comparable to their speaking deficits. Wernicle’s Aphasia Fluent aphasia German physiologist, Carl Wernicle Unaware of their deficits, cannot express themselves (divorce of content and form) Reading writing deficit comparable to their deficits in speaking and listening. Written production is formally good, but makes little sense. Reading comprehension is severely impaired. Acquired dyslexia Damage in and around the angular gyrus of the parietal lobe often causes the impairment of reading and writing ability. Phonological dyslexia: lose the ability to use spelling-to-sound rules. Surface dyslexia: unable to recognize