外文翻译-绿色基础设施景观规划：整合人类与自然系统.docVIP

大 连 理 工 大 学 本 科 外 文 翻 译 绿色基础设施 Green Infrastructure for Landscape Planning: Integrating human and natural systems 大连理工大学 Dalian University of Technology Chapter Twelve Stockholm: green infrastructure case study Context The city and county of Stockholm demonstrate the planning and implementation of green infrastructure advocated in this book. The city is located approximately at latitude 59° N in southeast Sweden (Figure 12.1) within an astoundingly complex configuration of islands, coastline, freshwater lakes and saltwater estuaries on the Baltic Sea (Figure 12.2). About half of the County of Stockholm is composed of primarily fertile coniferous forest, but deciduous forests also occur here. Forested land and the amount of protected forest is increasing in the county at the expense of agriculture, but the rate of increase is insufficient to protect biological diversity.1 Within the city there are eight natural areas, including nature and cultural reserves and an urban national park, with a total area of 5,680 acres (2,299 ha). Of this 828 acres (335 ha) is water and 4,855 acres (1,965 ha) is land. 332 The built environment Like many European cities, Stockholm was initially located to be geographically defensible. Constrained by the area of a small island in Lake M?laren, the city was compactly developed with multistory buildings, narrow streets and little natural open space. As the city expanded, especially after World War II, growth followed the road alignments. Today, 872,000 people live in the Stockholm city area of 73 square miles (188 km2). Development within the city is compact since nearly 90 percent of residents live in multi-family buildings (Figure 12.3). The resulting population density is 11,944 inhabitants per square mile (4,638 per km2). The region is increasingly polycentric and growing with the addition of 20,000 people per year.2 The population of the metropolitan area is now 2,050,000.3 The sections below consider the