外文翻译—— 居住区景观.docVIP

大 连 理 工 大 学 本 科 外 文 翻 译 居住区景观 The Living Landscape ? 大连理工大学 Dalian University of Technology The Living Landscape INVENTORY AND ANALYSIS OF THE BIOPHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT  After a community has identified the challenges and opportunities that it faces and has reached some consensus concerning its goals to address those issues, then it is necessary to collect the information needed to achieve community goals. An inventory is a systematic acquisition of information needed to describe and characterize a place. Inventories provide the basis for ecological analysis. Information about nature has often been used in an AD HOC manner in American planning. Only that information needed to achieve a specific goal is collected—so too often it is disconnected information. The basic premise of ecology is that everything is connected to everything else. As a result, the ecological approach differs from more traditional methods. For example, a flood frequently prompts community interests in planning, especially when loss of life and property damage has occurred. With a conventional planning response, only the flood-prone areas are identified. Also, this approach focuses primarily on the negative consequences of flooding. Since flooding is recognized by a community as a hazard to human safety, the responsible elected officials adopt a goal to prevent buildings in flood-prone areas. These areas are mapped and building restricted. The goal is one-dimensional. In contrast, in ecological planning the complex matrix of factors related to flooding would be considered. Flooding is the result of the interaction of several natural phenomena—rainfall, bedrock, terrain, soils, temperature, and vegetation, for instance. Since ecological planning rests on an understanding of relationships, broader-range information about the biophysical processes of an area must be collected and analyzed. In addition, an ecolo