Narratology复制.pptVIP

2.1 Propp’s theory of function The first function is: One of the members of a family absents himself from home. 2.1 Propp’s theory of function Then this story can be expressed in this series of signs: 2.2 Barthes’ theory Barthes describes three levels of narrative: functions (功能层bottom level), actions (行动层middle level), and narration (叙述层top level). functions (bottom level)（功能层） --functions (relate to the same level分布类) cardinal functions (nuclei) (核心)(important for the narrative) catalyses (complementary)(催化) --indices (relate across levels结合类) indices (标志)(related to character, feeling, atmosphere, philosophy) informants (信息)(identifying certain elements of space and time) 2.2 Barthes’ theory Sequence: a small group of functions. A sequence is a logical string of nuclei, linked together by a solidarity relation. A sequence is always namable, eg. Fraud, Treason, Struggle, Contract, Seduction, etc. A sequence always involves moments of risk which make it worthy of analysis. It may be called “potentially incomplete logical unit”. (cf. Bremond’s theory) 2.2 Barthes’ theory Seymour Chatman’s sketch of the relationships between the nuclei and the other subsidiary functions illustrates how functions all together work out a plot: 2.3 Bremond’s theory of function and sequence Every three functions form a sequence in which they punctuate three logical stages: possibility (or potentiality), process and outcome. Each function opens two alternatives, two directions the story can subsequently take. See Rimmon-Kenan’s book, p. 22. Such elementary sequences tend to combine into complex sequences in one of three ways: enchainment(链接), embedding(嵌入) and joining(连接; note that Prof. Hu’s translation is 并列). 3. Combination of Events 情节组织原则 连接方式 承续原则 时间连接 因果连接 空间链接 理念原则 否定连接 实现连接 中心句连接 ? （胡亚敏，《叙事学》，第二版） 3. Combination of Events 情节类型 线型 复线 单线 环形 （连环式、并列式） 非线型 情节结构的开放 情节的淡化 （胡亚敏，《叙事学》，第二版） ? ? ? 3. Combination of Events 情节类型 转换型 发现 对立 范畴型 如“痴心女子负心汉”、“灰姑娘” （胡亚敏，《叙事学》，第二版） ? 4.