uml课件Lect7-Grad-OO-Chapter5-Notation-3.pptVIP

Lecture 7. UML Notation 3 内容提要 1. Class Diagrams (类图) (Grady Booch Book 5.7) 2. Sequence Diagrams (时序图) (Grady Booch Book 5.8) 5.7 Class Diagrams 类图表示类的存在以及从逻辑层面表达它们之间的关系 A class diagram is used to show the existence of classes and their relationships in the logical view of a system. 类图的基本要素：所有的类，以及它们之间的关系 The two essential elements of a class diagram are classes and their basic relationships. A single class diagram represents a view of the class structure of a system. During analysis, we use class diagrams to indicate the common roles and responsibilities of the entities that provide the system’s behavior. 分析阶段，使用类图发现共同的角色和实体的责任；这些责任提供了系统的行为。 During design, we use class diagrams to capture the structure of the classes that form the system’s architecture. 设计阶段，使用类图捕捉类的结构；这些类的结构形成了系统架构。 Essentials: The Class Notation Fig 5-33 shows the icon used to represent a class in a class diagram and an example from our Hydroponics Gardening System. The class icon consists of three parts: the class name, the attributes, and the operations. 操作与属性的类型: 该类的类型或者数据结构类型 The type, for both attributes and operations, is the name of a class or data type. Multiplicity In Fig 5-33, the multiplicity of [0..60] indicates an array of 0 to 60 temperature measurements. 附加性质 (additional properties) The property string listed in braces provides additional properties such as {list}, meaning that the temperature measurements will be ordered and may be non unique. 抽象类 与 抽象操作 表示法：使用斜体 For an abstract class, we italicize the class name to show that we may have only instances of its subclasses. Similarly, the name of an abstract operation is also italicized, as shown in Fig 5-34 FoodItem是抽象类 Hence, the FoodItem class is abstract. Fig 5-34 also shows the subclass Tomato, which represents a concrete food item grown in the greenhouse. Fig 5–34 Abstract Class Adornment Essentials: Class Relationships 类不是独立存在的；需要与其它的类协作 Classes rarely stand alone; instead, they collaborate with ot