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Apoptosis临床专业何婷earningObjectivesResearchHistoryofapoptosisEarlyin1972,Kerrhasbeenfoundthatcelldeathintwoforms,Oneiscellnecrosis,andtheotherisPCDTheory.TherapiddevelopmentofPCDtheoryintheearly90century2002年诺贝尔生理与医学奖获得者conceptApoptosis:programmedcelldeath(PDC)Inordertomaintainastableinternalenvironment,celldiedControlledbygenesinautonomousandorderlymanner.Itinvolvesaseriesofgeneactivationaction,expression,regulation,etc.Notinpathologicalconditionsandaphenomenonofbodyinjury,Inordertobetteradapttotheenvironment,itisaActivedeathprocess细胞器肿胀,染色质凝集呈絮状核固缩DNA片段化凋亡小体形成细胞分解自溶释放细胞内容物炎症反应细胞固缩染色质致密呈半月状吞噬细胞吞噬凋亡小体ChangesinthenucleusNucleosomefragmentstolowerthenuclearmembraneorcentralportionofheterochromatinregiongathered,condensedintochromatinblockThechangesofCytoplasmictheconcentrateofCytoplasmicMitochondrialvolumeincreases,increasedcrest,vacuolizationEndoplasmicreticulumcavitytoexpandCytoskeletondisintegrationChangesincellmembranemicrovilli,projections,andcellconnectionsgraduallydisappearHowever,CellmembraneremainsintactFormationofapoptoticbodiesThreeways:Eosinophilicbodies病毒性肝炎时,肝细胞胞浆水分脱失浓缩,嗜酸性染色增强,胞浆颗粒消失。如进一步发展,胞浆更加浓缩之外,胞核也浓缩以至消失,最后剩下深红色均一浓染的圆形小体。Thedifferencebetweenapoptosisandnecrosis区别点细胞凋亡细胞坏死起因生理或病理性病理性变化或剧烈损伤范围单个散在细胞大片组织或成群细胞细胞膜保持完整,一直到形成凋亡小体破损染色质凝聚在核膜下呈半月状呈絮状细胞器无明显变化肿胀、内质网崩解细胞体积固缩变小肿胀变大凋亡小体有,被邻近细胞或巨噬细胞吞无,细胞自溶,残余碎片被巨噬细胞吞噬基因组DNA有控降解,电泳图谱呈梯状随机降解,电泳图谱呈涂抹状蛋白质合成有无调节过程受基因调控被动进行炎症反应无,不释放细胞内容物有,释放内容物Biochemicalchangesofapoptoticcellsinthecomplexityanddiversity1,DNAFragmentationDNAladder→OneofthemosttypicalbiochemicalcharacteristicsofapoptosisApoptosisProteaseProteasecleavagemaybethemostcriticalprocessofapoptosisThechangesofCa2+andPHinCytoplasmTheroleofmitochondriainapoptosisCyclosporin(环孢素)anoikisisanotherformof programmed cell death(PCD)InfluencedfactorsThemainfeaturesofapoptoticcells
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