教育心理学考试简答题.docxVIP

一、Translate the following terms into English or Chinese：（32）random assignment 随机分配internal validity 内部效度Laboratory experiments 实验室实验external validity 外部效度Positive correlation 正相关Negative correlation 负相关Zero correlation 零相关Descriptive research 描述性研究Survey(interview) 调查（访谈）Schemes 图式Assimilation 同化Accommodation 顺应 Equilibration 平衡hypothetical reasoning(假设推理）analogical reasoning(类比推理）deductive reasoning(演绎推理）reflective abilities(反思能力）adolescent egocentrism 青少年自我中心imaginary audience 假想观众Zone of Proximal Development 最近发展区Private speech 自我言语Scaffolding 支架Object permanence 客体永久性Collective monologue 集体独白verbal information 言语信息intellectual skill 智力技能cognitive strategy 认知策略Attitude 态度motor skill 运动技能discovery learning 发现学习reception learning 接受学习meaningful learning 意义学习rote learning 机械学习Declarative knowledge 陈述性知识procedural knowledge 程序性知识The law of readiness 准备律The law of exercise 练习律The law of effect 效果律Generalization 泛化Discrimination 分化Extinction 消退systematic desensitization 系统脱敏Respondent behavior 应答行为Operant behavior 操作行为Positve reinforcers 正强化物The Premack Principle(Grandma’s Rule): 普雷麦克原则，普利马克原理Shaping 行为塑造observational learning 观察学习Direct reinforcement 直接强化indirect reinforcement 间接强化Extrinsic reinforcement 外部强化intrinsic reinforcement 内部强化self-efficacy 自我效能Insight 顿悟cognitive map 认知地图Latent learning 潜伏学习Representation 表象Conceptual 概念的（表征）Propositional 命题的（表征）cognitive structure 认知结构advance organizer 预先的组织框架top-down processing 自上而下的加工Well-structured problems. 结构良好问题Ill-structured problems. 结构不良问题Means-ends analysis 手段目的分析working forward 正向工作working backward 逆向工作Functional fixedness 功能固着Mental set 心理定势Metacognition 元认知Theory of mind 心理理论Rehearsal 复述transfer of learning 学习的迁移Positive transfer 正迁移Negative transfer 负迁移general transfer 一般迁移specific transfer 特殊迁移forward transfer 正向迁移backward transfer 逆向迁移near transfer 近迁移far transfer 远迁移Heteronymous morality 他律道德 Heteronomous morality Autonomous morality 自律道德locus of control 控制点Achievement motivation 成就动机1.Educational Psycholog