职称英语2015版 课文详解 第十五课.docVIP

15. Conventional（常规） Petroleum Reservoir 常规油气藏 1. A petroleum reservoir, or oil and gas reservoir, is a subsurface pool of hydrocarbons（碳氢化合物、烃类） contained in permeable（可渗透的）, porous or fractured（裂隙） rock formations, with most reservoir rocks（储集岩） being limestones, dolomites, sandstones, or a combination of（事物的综合） these. The three basic types of hydrocarbon reservoirs are oil, gas? and condensate. The formation of petroleum reservoirs can be divided into（被分成） four stages（阶段）: 1. 油藏或油气藏，是储藏于地下滲透性、孔隙性或有裂缝的地层中的碳 水化合物。大部分储集岩是石灰岩、白云岩、沙岩或混合性岩石。油气藏有 三种基本类型：油藏、气藏和凝析气藏。油藏的形成可以分为以下四个阶段: 1 With burial（埋葬） of plankton, algae and other protein（蛋白质） rich life forms under layers of sand and mud at a source rock, and continuous accumulation （积累）of sand, the buried material heats up at 50°C to 70°C. 1 浮游生物、海藻或其他富含蛋白质的生物埋藏于烃源岩砂泥层中，随 着沙子的不断沉积，埋藏生物温度上升到50至70摄氏度。 2 High temperature, combined with （连同）pressure，triggers（引起） a “cooking” process. 2 地下高温、高压触发了“蒸煮”的生油过程。 3 Eventually, the buried residue transforms into（转化成）liquid hydrocarbons. 3 最后，埋藏的生物残骸会转换成流体状的烃类物质。 4 Later on they migrate from（从…迁移到） the source rock to porous rocks and get trapped（被困） in impermeable layers of rock. 4 然后，这些烃类物质从烃源岩运移到有孔隙的岩石，并且成藏于非渗 透性岩层之间。 2. Oil Reservoir 2. 油藏 3. An oil reservoir generally contains three fluids - gas, oil, and water - with oil the dominant product（优势产品）. In the typical oil reservoir, these fluids occur in different phases（阶段） because of the variance in their gravities（重力）. Gas the lightest, occupies（占据） the upper part（上部区域） of the reservoir rocks; water, the lower part; and oil, the intermediate section（中部）. 3. 油藏通常有三种流体：油、气和水，其中油是主要产品。这三种流体 由于重力差异呈现不同的形态，三者中最轻的气处在油藏的最上部；水处在 最底部；油位于中间。 4. Although the structural（构造） traps in which oil accumulates exist in（存在于） various forms（多种形式）, the oil usually occurs in association with（与…结合） gas and salt water. A certain amount of（一定数量的） water always occurs together with（连同） the oil in the middle zone. The proportion（比例） of water to oil is