主谓一致_课件分析报告.ppt

在there be 表存在的句式中，主语是两个或多个名词（短语）的并列时，be 的形式与最前边的一个名词（短语）一致。如： There is a pen, two knives and several books on the table.═ There are two knives, a pen and several books on the table.桌子上有一支钢笔、两把小刀和几本书。 副词或介词短语在句首的倒装句中，必须认准哪是主语。如： Between the two buildings stands a monument. 两幢楼之间耸立着一块纪念碑。 On the ship were over 2,200 people. More than 1,500 people lost their lives. Among those was the young woman.　船上有2,2001人, 1,500多人丧生，这位年轻妇女也在其中。  * “一致”是指句子成分之间或词语之间在性、数等方面应保持一致。 “主谓一致”是指谓语动词与主语必须在人称、性、数上保持一致，即主语是复数，谓语也用复数形式，如are, were, have等，主语是单数，谓语要用单数形式，如：is, was, has, works等。 在具体处理一致关系时可遵循以下三原则: 语法一致、意义一致、就近一致。 意义一致的原则 （一）谓语动词为单数的情况 1. 由and 连接的并列成分指的是同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出现。 The worker and writer is from Wuhan. (那个工人兼作家…) (比较：The worker and the writer are from Beijing. 那位工人和那位作家) Bread and butter is a daily food in the West. 2. Every … and (every)…, each …and (each… , no …and (no)… , many a …and (many a)…连接两个单数名词作主语。 Every desk and every chair is made of wood. Many a boy and girl has made the same mistake. 3. one/every one /each/either/ the number+of +复数名词作主语。 Each of the students has a book. 4. clothing, furniture, traffic, jewellery, baggage, equipment, luggage 等无生命的集合名词作主语。 Clothing is badly needed in this flooded area. 5. 以s 结尾的词，但表示学科、国家、机构、书籍、报刊等名称作主语。 Maths is one of my favourite subjects. 6. 表示时间、距离、金钱等复数名词作主语，表达一个整体概念时。 Twenty years has passed since he left his hometown. 7. 由every-,any-,some-,no-和-one,-thing,-body等所构成的不定代词作主语。 Is everyone here today? 8. 非谓语动词、名词性从句作主语。 Collecting stamps is what he likes. Whatever was left was taken away. 9. 单数名词、抽象名词、物质名词作主语。 （二）谓语动词为复数的情况 1. 由and 连接的两个并列成分表示两个不同的概念。 Both bread and butter are sold out. 2. people , police, cattle 等有生命的集体名词作主语。 The police are looking for the missing child. 3. goods, stairs, arms 等名词作主语。 The goods were sold out. 4. 由山脉、群岛、瀑布、运动会等s 结尾的专有名词作主语。 The Olympic Games are held once eve