国际贸易试题答案1.docVIP

国际贸易试题答案1 一、名词解释（本大题共10小题，每小题3分，共30分） 1、Foreign exchange control：refers to the policy of limitation for international settling and to buy and sell foreign exchange implemented by one country government to issue decrees in order to balance the international incomes and expenditures and keep the currency exchange price of own country. 外汇管制：是指一国政府通过法令对国际结算和外汇买卖实行限制来平衡国际收支和维持本国汇价的一种制度。 2、dumping：the products of one country are sold to another country at a price lower than the price of normal value, which has caused big losses and threats to similar products of import country. 倾销：指一国商品以低于正常的价值的价格向另一国销售，并对进口国的同类产品造成重大损失或重大威胁。 3、MFN：when two treaty countries solve economic trade relationship, all special rights, preferences and free responsibilities to the third country in the past, present and future in the meantime to the other party of treaty country. 最惠国待遇：是指缔约国双方在处理经济贸易关系时，应当将过去、现在和将来给予任何第三国的一切特权、优惠及豁免，也同样给予缔约国对方。 4、国民待遇：缔约一方保证缔约对方的公民、企业、船舶在本国境内享受与本国的公民、企业、船舶同等的待遇。 National treatment: one treaty party ensures that the civilians, enterprise and ships of the other treaty party enjoys the same treatment as the civilians, enterprise and ships of own country. 5、world economy integration：the process to open up to each other among the economy of world countries ,and form a organic body that is connected with each other and depends on each other. 世界经济一体化：是指世界各国经济之间彼此相互开放，形成一个相互联系，相互依赖的有机体的过程。 6、customs duty：the duties levied by the customs established by the government from importers and exporters whose products pass by the customs frontier f one country. 关税：是进出口货物通过一国关境时，由政府所设置的海关向其进出口商所征收的一种税收。 7、voluntary export quotas：voluntary export limitation of some countries in a certain period under the pressure and requirement of import countries. 自动出口配额：是出口国在进口国的要求和压力下，自动规定在某一时期对某些商品的出口限制。 8、seller’s credit：a kind of loan from export bank for exporters to turnover capitals while the importer defers the payment. in fact, a kind of commercial credit provided by exporters to importer