【创新方案】2017届高考英语一轮复习 语法专项突破 第7讲 非谓语动词 北师大版.docVIP

[深化认知] 一、非谓语动词作状语 1．不定式作状语 (1)动词不定式可以用作目的状语。注意其他非谓语动词形式不能用作目的状语。 To succeed, one must first of all believe in himself. 要想成功，首先必须相信自己。 (2)only to do sth.为不定式作结果状语，表示出乎意料的结果。 We hurried to the station, only to be told that the train had left. 我们急匆匆赶到车站，结果被告知火车已开走了。 (3)形容词或过去分词作表语时，后面可接不定式作原因状语。常见的形容词有：happy, lucky, glad, sorry, anxious, proud, disappointed, angry, surprised, ready, delighted, clever, foolish, pleased, fortunate, right等。 You will never know how happy I was to see her yesterday. 你永远不会知道昨天看到她时，我是多么高兴。 (4)在“主语＋系动词＋表语(形容词)＋to do”结构中，不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。该结构中常用的形容词有：easy, hard, difficult, important, impossible, interesting, pleasant, nice, comfortable, safe, dangerous等。 The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to sit on. 这把椅子看上去很硬，但实际上坐上去很舒服。 2．分词作状语 (1)作状语的分词要求其逻辑主语与句子的主语保持一致。 One evening Harry phoned me, asking me to come to his flat as soon as possible. 一天晚上哈里给我打电话，要求我尽快去他家。 (2)若句子的主语是分词动作的发出者，就用现在分词形式(doing)。 Not knowing his address, I cant call on him in person. 由于不知道他的地址，我无法亲自去拜访他。 (3)若句子的主语是分词动作的承受者，则要用过去分词(done)。 Seen from the top of the mountain, the city is very beautiful. 从山顶上看，这座城市很漂亮。 (4)若现在分词的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，则用现在分词的完成形式(having done)。 Having lived in New York for years, I know each part of it very well. 由于住在纽约多年，我对这里的每一处都很熟悉。 (5)若与句中主语之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，且先于谓语动词动作发生，用现在分词完成式的被动形式(having been done)。 Having been ignored for a long time, the boy sitting at the back felt bored and went out. 因长时间被忽视，坐在后面的男孩感到枯燥就出去了。 3．独立成分作状语 有些分词或不定式短语作状语，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，称作独立成分。常见的有： generally speaking 　　　　　　一般来说 frankly speaking 坦白地说 judging from/by 根据……来判断 considering .../taking ...into consideration考虑到…… to tell you the truth 说实话 seeing 鉴于/由于…… supposing 假设，如果 assuming 假使 given 考虑到，鉴于 provided (that ...) 如果 Generally speaking, the family, not the school, plays the primary role in educating children for life. 一般来讲，在孩子的终生教育中起着主要作用的是家庭而不是学校。 Considering your health, youd better have a rest. 考虑到你的健康，你最好休息一下。 二、非谓语动词作宾语 1．下列动词只能用不定式作宾语，请牢记下