第8章 可能性、偏好与选择微观经济学课件.ppt

* * * * * Explain that the fall in the price of a movie leads Lisa to substitute away from sodas and into movies. The change in the relative price changes the best affordable point. She can reach a higher indifference curve by substituting away from the relatively more expensive good and toward the relatively inexpensive good. The new consumption bundle satisfies the three properties: it is on the new budget line, it is on the highest attainable indifference curve, and the MRS has changed, matching the slope of new budget line. Also emphasize that tracking the change in the quantity of the good for which the price falls reveals the demand curve for that good. * * * * Students find this topic hard. Take it slowly. Get the students to tell you how it goes. That’s the best way of judging the pace that will work for them. * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Minimizing the quantity of resources used in production is not the same as minimizing the value of the resources used. Be sure that students appreciate the difference between technological efficiency and economic efficiency. Point out that technological efficiency minimizes the quantity of resources used in producing a given level of output, while economic efficiency minimizes the value of the resources being used. Since all resources are not equally priced (let alone equally productive), there will inevitably be a difference between technological and economical efficiency. 45 Instructor Notes: 1) Method c is technologically inefficient. 2) It requires the less workers and the same number of units of capital to produce the same number of sets. 3) All of the other methods are technologically efficient. They each require more of one input than each of the others. * 46 Instructor Notes: 1) It should be noted that even though method c is technologically inefficient, it costs less to produce a TV set by using method c that it does by using methods a and d. 2) Since method c is not technologically efficient, there is always a