中俄石油合作现状前景与对策建议.pdf

摘 要 本文章详尽分析了中俄石油合作的背景、意义、现状、以及前景。为中俄进 行更深度更广泛的石油合作提出了相应的政策建议。主要得到的结论为，中国是 世界第二大石油进口国，俄罗斯联邦仅次于沙特阿拉伯成为第二大石油出口国； 在石油发展战略方面，中国的战略目的是建立石油储备、确保石油安全、多元化 进口模式；而俄罗斯联邦战略目的为，多元化出口模式，并在新时期抓住机会占 领国际石油输出的主导地位，两国贸易条件相互互补、石油战略不谋而合，这是 中俄两国进行石油合作的基础。中国与俄罗斯的石油合作已经进行了将近二十 年，取得了显著地成果，中俄石油战略合作伙伴关系基本建立，中国向俄罗斯提 供250亿美元的石油贷款，俄罗斯联邦为中国提供30亿吨石油；另外俄罗斯联 邦已成为中国进口石油来源地的第四位。 新时期情况下，中俄合作关系遇到了新的挑战，如国际石油价格高估不下， 且波动幅度剧烈，合作缺乏统一组织管理，还有国际政治因素等等。中俄两国迎 接挑战获得石油合作的新突破就要进行实施有效地政策指导，一是加强国家或地 区间的沟通、了解，根据实际情况制定有针对性的能源战略和能源政策。二是完 善两国能源法制建设，加强管理，建立专管部门，提升国内石油企业的国际竞争 力。三是加强两国外交合作，为能源合作提供良好政治环境，强化两国能源战略 合作伙伴关系，加深两国的能源合作的深度。 关键词：中俄石油合作；石油出口；战略政策 Abstract 111is article analyzes historical background,present aspects，future prospects and high significance of China-Russia oil cooperation．For the purpose of having better and more extensive cooperation between China and Russia,this article proposes appropriate strategy suggestions． The main conclusion I inade is below： People’S Republic of China is the W0rld．S second largest oil importer；Russian Federation is the second largest oil exporter after Saudi Arabia．In the aspect of oil development,Chinas strategic objective is to establish oil reserves as well as diversify oil import models．At the same time，the main strategic purpose of Russia is to achieve diversification of oil export directions and to seize the opportunity in holding dominant position of international oil output．Trade purposes of two countries complement each other,their oil strategy has common interests．These are the fundamental elements of China-Russia oil cooperation．This cooperation has already been proceeding for nearly two decades bringing significant achievements．During this time the most important basis of China-Russia strategic cooperative partnership has been established．Chine has provided credit in the amount of 25 billion American Dollars．While Russian Federation has provided about 30 million tons of oil to China． Furthermore，Russia has already become the forth main soRrce ofChinas oil import． Nowa