认知心理学整理教程方案.docx

单选5个多选5个名词解释2个简答3个论述1个综合1个认知心理学重点整理第一章：认知心理学是什么，主要研究的内容认知心理学第二次革命表征的概念，知道表征在大脑里的形式是怎样的pp.4 ?Definion ?of ?Cognive ?PsychologyWhat is CP?The scientific study of thinkingmind and is concerned with:–?How we attend to and gain informationabout the world–?How that information is stored andprocessed by the brain–?How we solve the problems, think, andformulate language?How did Neisser (1967) regard cognition?CogniKon ?means ?all ?processes ?by ?which ?the sensory ?input ?is ?transformed, ?reduced, elaborated, ?stored, ?recovered, ?and ?usedIt is concerned with the internal processesinvolved in making sense of theenvironment, and decide what actionmight be appropriate (Eysenck, 2005)认知心理学是对经由感知觉系统输入的刺激所进行的六种心理过程。包括：转换、缩减、精细化（添加）、存储、提取和运用Cognitive psychology is the psychologicalscience which studies cognition, the mentalprocesses that are hypothesized to underliebehavior. This covers a broad range of researchdomains, examining questions about theworkings of memory, attention, perception,knowledge representation, reasoning, creativityand problem solving。George ?Miller引发认知革命（心理学上的第二次革命）The scope of CP（认知心理学的范围P13）???Cognitive neuroscience???Sensation/Perception???Pattern recognition???Attention???Consciousness???Memory/learning???Imagery???Cognitive development???Representation ofknowledge???Language use???Thinking and conceptformation???Decision making???Problem solving???Human and AIRepresentation表征A representation is nothing more than someway of organizing, manipulating（操纵）, and storinginformation.?Because of the overlap between cognitivescience and computer science, a cognitiverepresentation is often discussed in thesame terms as a computational datastructure, or a set of such structures.表征（representaKon）是信息在头脑中的呈现方式。表征反映客观事物?表征又同时是加工的客体心理表征：不同的形式相同的内容；相同的形式不同的内容第二章：神经系统的发生发展的基本规律有两个角度从种系角度对比动物的发展趋势从个体角度，从婴儿到成人的发展轨迹神经系统的发生与发展–?种系发生角度1、脑容量2、皮层褶皱3、神经回路4、初级感觉、运动皮层体积与联合皮层体积：动物初级皮层的体积较大；人类高级皮层体积较大–?个体发展角度:1、大脑皮层单位体积内突触数目（突触密度）的迅速变化。2、神经回路在生后也继续发育。3、神经元轴突的髓鞘在生后大量增加，这一过程直至15岁左右。第