翻译第四章教案.docVIP

第四章 句子层级上的翻译 Practical Translation Training II. 主语的确定 2．1 话题与主语 2．2英汉句子结构差异在英译汉对主语选择的影响 1） 英文的主语转为汉语的主题 2） 重新确定主语 2．3英汉句子结构差异在汉译英对主语选择的影 1）以原句主语作译文主语 2）重新确定主语 3）增补主语 III. 谓语的确定与主谓一致问题 3．1谓语的选择：英语的名词转换成汉语的谓语动词 1) 源于动词的名词的转换为汉语的谓语动词 2) 源于形容词的名词转换成汉语的谓语动词 3．2谓语的选择：英语的形容词转换成汉语的谓语动词 3．3谓语的选择：英语的副词转换成汉语的谓语动词 3．4谓语的选择：英语的介词转换成汉语的谓语动词 IV. 语序的调整 4．1 英汉词语习惯表达顺序的对比与翻译 1) 英语中某些合成词词序与汉语恰恰相反 2) 英语中某些中心名词词组的词序与汉语恰恰相反 （1）（英）形容词/名词作定语后置修饰名词→（汉）形容词/名词前置+ 名词 （2）（英/ 汉）多个形容词前置，但顺序不同或相反 3) 英语中某些并列词组的词序与汉语恰恰相反 4．2 主谓常序与殊序 4．3 宾语常序与殊序 4．4 定语常序与殊序 4．5 状语常序与殊序 4．6 句间的语序调整 V．否定句的翻译 5．1 相同性原则 5．2 部分相同性原则 5．3 相异性原则 Chapter 4 Translation on Sentence Level（10学时） 第一讲（2学时） 教学目标：1. 了解汉语话题语言与英语主语语言的差异 2. 了解汉英互译时确定主语的基本方法 本讲重点：1. 英汉句子结构差异在英译汉对主语选择的影响 2. 英汉句子结构差异在汉译英对主语选择的影响 本讲难点：翻译要摆脱原文语句结构的影响，慎重考虑英汉互译中原句主语的去与留 I. Practical Translation Training 1. English-Chinese Translation The Bloodiest Day on American Soil It was the bloodiest day on American soil since our Civil War, a modem war played out in real time，on fast-forward，and not with soldiers but with secretaries，security guards, lawyers，bankers，janitors. It was strange that a day of war was a day we stood still. We couldnt move-that must have been此whole idea—so we had no choice but to watch. Every city cataloged its targets；residents looked at their skylines，wondering if they would be different in the morning. The Sears Tower in Chicago was evacuated，as were colleges and museums. Disney World shut down，and Major League Baseball canceled its games，and nuclear power plants went to top security status；the Hoover Dam and the Mall of America shut down，and Independence Hall in Philadelphia，and Mount Rushmore. It was as though someone had taken a huge brush and painted a bulls—eye around every place Americans gather，every icon we revere，and every service we depend on，and vowed to take them out or shut them down，or force us to do it ourselves. Terror worked like a musical composition，so many instruments，all in tune，playing perfe