自考国家英语概况大全词解.docxVIP

The Puritans----The Puritans were wealthy, well-educated gentlemen. They wanted to purify the Church of England and threatened受到威胁的with religious persecution, 迫害者 the Puritans leaders saw the New world as the a refuge避难provided by God for those He meant to save. 清教徒都是富裕的、受过良好教育的绅士，他们想净化英国国教。由于对英国政治腐败不满和饱受宗教迫害的威胁，清教徒的领袖们就把新大陆视为上帝赐予他们拯救人们的庇护所。The Chunnel----In 1985 the British government and French government decided to build a channel tunnel, which is called “Chunnel”, under the Straits of Dover so that England and France could be joined together by road. The Chunnel was open to traffic in May 1994. 1985 年，英法两国政府决定在多佛尔海峡底修建一个隧道，把两个国家连接起来。经过八年的奋斗，这条名为查诺尔的海底隧道于1994 年5 月通车。Eisteddfod----Eisteddfod is the Welsh word for “sitting” National Eidteddfod is the most famous festival of music and verse in Wales. It takes place each August and lasts for about a week. The highlight of the festival is competition for the best epic poem about Wales written and read in Welsh. The winner is crowned Board, considered the supreme honour in Wales. In this way the Welsh people keep the Welsh language and culture alive.威尔士人感情丰富，兴高采烈，热爱音乐，为自己的过去深感自豪。一年中他们有称之为艺术年会的唱歌、跳舞、诗歌节。一年中最重要的节日是全国诗歌音乐比赛会。在这些时候，举行威尔士诗歌、音乐、歌唱和艺术比赛。他们通过这种方式使威尔士语言及文化保持活力。Thatcherism撒切尔主义----The election of 1979 returned the Conservative Party to power and Margaret Thatcher became the first woman prime minister in Britain. Her policies are popularly referred to as state-owned industries, the use of monetarist policies to control inflation, the weaking of trade forces unions, the strengthening of the role of market forces in the economy, and an emphasis on law and order.1979 年的选举使保守党再次上台，玛格丽特撒切尔成为英国首位女首相。撒切尔夫人极力主张自力更生以及私有化。她的政策被广泛称为撒切尔主义。要点包括把国有企业卖给私人拥有，使用货币政策(指英国的货币供应)来控制通货膨胀；削弱工会；加强市场力量在经济中的作用；强调法律与秩序。80 年代发生好几例私有化实例，包括英国电讯和英国煤气公司的British disease英国病----The term “British disease” is now often used to characterize Britain’s economic decline.现在常用英国病这个词来概括英国经济衰退的特征Constitutional monarchy君主立宪制----It is a political system that