页岩稳定英文(哈里伯顿)精要.ppt

Shale Stability Tests Analytical Tests Lab Tests Analytical Test X-ray Diffraction a. Detects Minerals in Shale Cation Concentration of Clays Amounium Acetate Methylene Blue Shale Analysis Swelling Clays 1. Smectite – Aluminum Silicate - common 2. Hectorite - Magnesium Silicate – not too common 3. Usually Have High Ion Exchange Capacities 4. High CST Times in Deionized Water Shale Analysis Dispersive Clays – Thermal Break Down of Smectite and Hectorite 1. Illite- Aluminum Silicate 2. Kaolinite – Aluminum Silicate 3. Sepiolite / Attapulgite – Magnesium Clays 4. Chlorite / Mica – rock like Lab Tests Dispersion Tests 1. CST- Field Test 2. Slake Durability – Lab Test 3. Hot Rolling Erosion Lab Test Swelling Test 1. Linear Swellmeter Linear Swellmeter Tester Linear Swellmeter Test Multiple Day Test Shale Core 1.0 in dia. X 0.5 in long prepared. Dried to 2%- 3% moisture. Exposed to Drilling Mud Measures shale volume change. Most Accurate Test For Smectite Inhibition CST Tester CST Test Disperse 2 grams Shale 24 ml Mud Filtrate For 2 minutes at 20,000 rpm Field Test – least accurate – shale exposed only 2 min. to fluid. Filtration test – Want short filtration times- indicates highly flocculated clays. Filtration times Under 100 sec desired CST Analysis CST Analysis Slake Durability Tester Slake Durability Test 4 hour Erosion Test at Room Temperature Brings in Some Swelling With Dispersion 50 grams of Shale 1 gallon of Drilling Mud Study Polymers and Salts Interactions Table 1 Formulation, Properties, and Erosion Values of Muds Used in Slake Durability Tests on Shale Taken From Chesapeake Well in Wise, Arkansas Formulation 9.0 lb/gal BORMAX Mud 9.0 lb/gal 80 /20 O/W ratio INVERMUL Mud LE BASE, bbl --- 0.71 LE MUL, lb ---- 6 Lime, lb ---- 5 DURATONE, lb ---- 8 GELTONE V, lb ---- 6 Water, lb 0.95 0.18 BORE VIS, lb 4 ---- CLAY GRABBER, lb 0.5 ---- POLYAC PLUS, lb 1.0 ---- BORE HIB, bbl 0.02 ---- BARAZAN D PLUS, lb 0.2