石油专业英语(东北石油大学秦皇岛分校).docVIP

Sand grains that make up sandstone beds and fragments of carbonate materials that make up limestone beds usually never fit together perfectly even though overburden rock pressure on these beds may be quite great 形成砂岩层的砂粒和形成灰岩层的碳酸盐片状物质，即使作用到这些岩层上的上覆岩层压力很大的情况下，通常也绝不会完全结合在一起 One method of classifying reservoir rocks ,therefore ,is based on whether pore spaces in which the oil and gas is found originated when the formation was laid down or whether they were formed through subsequent earth stresses or ground water action 因此，给储集层分类的一种方法就以含油气的孔隙是起源于地层被沉积时还是通过后来地应力或地下水的作用而形成为基础的 The rock is more or less permeable depending upon whether the rock will let fluid pass through it with greater or less ease 岩石的渗透性是好还是差，取决于流体从中通过的难易程度 A sandstone having 1 darcy of permeability is defined as one that 1 cubic centimeter of fluid of 1centipoise viscosity would flow each second through a portion of the sand 1centimeter in length and having 1 square centimeter of area through which to move if the pressure drop across the sand is 14.7 pounds per square inch 渗透率为1达西的砂岩被定义为如下的一种：如果砂岩上的压降为14.7磅/平方英寸，粘度为1厘泊的1立方厘米的流体每秒钟内会流经长度为1厘米，流动面积为1平方厘米的一段砂岩 Diamonds used in oilfield bits are of natural origin and range from as small as 15 stones per carat to seven carats per stone in special applications 石油钻头所用的金刚石源于天然，其尺寸范围从小至每克拉含15粒到特殊情况下使用的每粒重7克拉 Not to be overlooked are indirect savings accumulated by eliminating rig wear and tear caused by extra round trips to change roller bits 因更换牙轮钻头而增加起下钻次数所造成的钻机损耗消除了，这些间接节省的费用累计起来是不可忽略的 In some areas the size of the diamond drill bit used is 1/32 to 1/16 less in diameter than the nominal size of the roller bit and the undersized diamond may be used in the same hole when it is understood that the usual manufacturing tolerance on roller bit is plus and on diamond bits is minus 在一些地区的金刚石钻头的尺寸用在1/32到1/16英寸的直径，比标准尺寸的钻头和金刚石的可能被用在同一个井口，通常是有制造公差，牙轮钻头是正的，金刚石钻头是负的 Spudding in usually begins in a medium or deep well with drilling a large diameter but shallow