动物福利与动物保护技术分析.pptxVIP

动物福利与动物保护 蒋志刚 中国科学院动物研究所 动物福利 动物权利 动物意识 伦理的演化 动物的保护 提 纲 问题的由来：人与动物的关系及动物法律地位 如何对待动物是一个分歧很大、争论不休的话题。目前的分歧来自生物伦理与对动物的法律地位的分歧。 4 5 6 Aristotle Altemps 7 Aristotle Altemps 亚里士多德.阿尔腾普斯argued that animals lacked reason (logos), and placed humans at the top of the natural world. 8 René Descartes 勒内·笛卡儿（1596-1650） Animals were not conscious and behaved as automatons. Jeremy Bentham 杰里米·边沁（1748 – 1832）British philosopher 杰里米·边沁哲学的基本公理‘对与错的测度是绝大多数获得了最大的幸福’。fundamental axiom of his philosophy the principle that it is the greatest happiness of the greatest number that is the measure of right and wrong Peter Singer（1946-） The central argument of his idea is an expansion of the utilitarian idea（功利思想） that the greatest good of the greatest number is the only measure of good or ethical behaviour. Singer believes that there is no reason not to apply this principle to other animals, arguing that the boundary between human and animal is completely arbitrary. 辛格1975年出版了Animal Liberation一书 ，提出了‘物种歧视(speciesism)”的概念。这本书1990年、2002年, 2009年多次再版，成为动物解放运动的理论基础。辛格认为动物具有感受痛苦的经历，因此必须考虑动物的利益。 Peter Singer 12 意大利哲学家，因为主张将人类权利延伸到类人猿而闻名。著作有《动物问题：为什么非人动物应有人类权利》1988-1998年任Etica Animali主编 How much do animals matter--morally? Can we keep considering them as second class beings, to be used merely for our benefit? Or, should we offer them some form of moral egalitarianism? Cavalieri discovers that its very logic extends to nonhuman animals as beings who are owed basic moral and legal rights and that, as a result, human rights are not human after all. 类人猿项目（The Great Ape Project (GAP) 1993年,在Paola Cavalieri和Peter Singer的倡导下，类人猿项目（The Great Ape Project (GAP) 成立,要求联合国宣告类人猿的基本法定权利。 伦理已经影响了现实，一个突出的例子是欧盟和美国禁止使用实验用灵长类、国际航空公司停止运输灵长类、动物实验开始转移到其他国家。 14 Gary Francione (1954 -) Professor of law and philosophy at Rutgers School of Law-Newark, is a leading abolitionist writer, arguing that animals need only one right, the right not to be owned. 15 Tom Regan （1938-） Animal welfare movement for not going far en