clinicalpharmacology.ppt

The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology Clinical Pharmacology Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics Drug metabolism Drug interactions Therapeutic review 成績評量 出席率及上課表現 20% 專題報告(80%) 口頭報告(40%) 書面報告(40%) Orientation to Pharmacology Lu-Tai Tien, Ph.D. Ready to study pharmacology? Pharmacology is a science that draws on information from multiple disciplines, including anatomy, physiology, psychology, chemistry, and microbiology etc. Four basic terms Drug Pharmacology Clinical pharmacology Therapeutics/pharmacotherapeutics Drug A drug is define as any chemical that can affect living processes. All chemicals can be considered drugs, since, when given in large enough amounts, all chemicals will have some effect on life. Pharmacology Pharmacology can be defined as the study of drug and their interactions with living systems. the physical and chemical properties of drugs as well as their biochemical and physiologic effects knowledge of the history, sources and uses of drugs as well as knowledge of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion Clinical pharmacology Clinical pharmacology is defined as the study of drugs in humans. This discipline includes the study of drugs in patients and in healthy volunteers. Therapeutics Therapeutics, also known as pharmacotherapeutics, is defined as the use of drugs to diagnose, prevent, or treat disease. Alternatively, therapeutics can be defined simply as the medical use of drugs. Properties of an ideal drug Effectiveness Safety Selectivity Additional properties of an ideal drug Reversible action Predictability Ease of administration Freedom from drug interactions Low cost Chemical stability Possession of a simple generic name No drug is ideal…… No drug is safe. All drugs produce side effects. Because medications are not ideal, all members of the healthcare team must exercise care to promote therapeutic effects and minimize drug-induced harm. 給藥途徑 經腸道的投藥方式 口服 舌下投藥 直腸肛門投藥 非經由腸道的投藥方式 靜脈注射 肌肉注射 皮下注射 其他種類的投藥途徑 吸入 鼻內給藥 脊椎腔內給藥 局部投予藥物