CCD相机内部参数标定论文--135399163.docVIP

CCD相机内部参数标定 摘要 为了在精确测量中尽量消除误差，标定 CCD相机在实际测量环境中的内部参数有着重要的意义。 本文讨论了图像采集系统的主要时域特性参数, 包括平均暗输出、暗输出不均匀性、暗噪声、动态范围、光电响应不均匀性、光电响应线性度、信噪比等。根据它们产生的原因和实际的应用环境，在避免抽象的量子理论的情况下，得到了一套简单标定各个内部参数的方法。同时给出了各个参数的曲线图。用工作时间与输出灰度值关系标定平均暗输出；用各幅图像的最大输出灰度值与输入光强之间的关系来标定系统输入与输出的非线性；用白纸和毛玻璃组成的光路衰减自然光得到均匀的光，并用来标定输入均匀光强的情况下输出灰度值不均匀的特性；用信号与噪声的比值来标定CCD相机的信噪比。在处理采集的图像中，充分利用MATLAB的强大的图像处理功能，避免了直接测量CCD相机输出电压值。 关键词：CCD；暗输出；非线性；不均匀性；信噪比；动态范围 Calibration of CCD Camera Internal Parameter ABSTRACT In order to eliminate the error in the accurate measurement, calibrating the internal parameter of CCD in the real environment is significant. In this chapter, the main characteristic parameters in temporal domain of the image acquisition and processing system are discussed. Those parameters include average dark output, dark output non-uniformity, dark output noise, non-linearity and non-uniformity of photo-electron response, signal to noise ratio, etc. According to the reason why they produce and real working environment, and in case of avoiding quantum theory, we get a simple method of calibrating the internal parameter of CCD. In the same time, I provided the curve graph of each parameter. Using the relationship of working time and output the grey level value to calibrated the average dark output; Using the relationship of the input light intensity and the maximal output grey level value to calibrated the non-linearity of photo-electronic response; Using the blank sheet of paper and frosted glass to decay the nature light intensity and to get a uniformity light intensity, which are used to calibrating the non-uniformity of photo-electron; Using the ratio of signal and noise to calibrated the SNR of the CCD camera. In dealing with the picture, we fully utilize the MATLAB to processing the image, in order to avoid directly measuring output voltage of the CCD camera. Keywords：average dark output; dark output non-uniformity; dark output noise; non-linearity; non-uniformity; signal to noise ratio 目录 TOC \o 1-3 \