毕业设计（论文）-火灾报警控制器设计.docVIP

摘要 。 本系统根据火灾发生时的特征即烟和热，利用QM-N5传感器检测烟雾，利用DS18B20检测温度，当检测到烟雾或温度较高时，通过单片机处理实现报警，并通过MAX485实现与上位机通信，实现上位机对下位机的分布式监控。 关键词：传感器;MAX485;上位机;下位机；分布式 Abstract As the great enemy of mankinds survival,the fire are getting more and more attention With the continuous increase in high-rise building, the hidden trouble of fire increased. Once a fire happened ,there will be a great harm to peoples lives and property ,it will cause great economic losses and a major impact on the community.So,how to konw quikely when the fire happens are receiving more and more peoples attention,and every country are putting more and more people and money on this aspect.So,a wide rang of fire detection and alarm system came into being. According to the characteristics of a happenning fire ,namely the heat and smoke,the system in this paper make use of QM-N5 smoke detection sensors to detect the smoke,make use of DS18B20 to test the heat,when the system find the smoke or high temperature,handling by the SCM,the system will give an alarm.The system communicate with the PC through MAX485,so that the PC can control the SCM. The system are made up of signal acquisition module, alarm modules, serial communication modules.The PC monitor the SCM through VB interface.The final effect of the entire system is relatively good, and has the faster response the measurement is also comparatively accurate, it still has a certain relevance and application prospects. Key words: sensor; MAX485; PC; the next crew 目 录 引言 1 1 课题的现状及研究意义 2 1.1 课题现状 2 1.2 课题的研究意义 2 1.3 课题要求和各章内容安排 2 2 相关技术和基础理论介绍 3 2.1 传感器概述 3 2.2 RS—485总线 4 2.2.1简介 4 2.2.2 RS -485 方式构成的多机通信 5 2.3 主要器件及应用 6 2.3.1温度传感器DS18B20 6 2.3.2烟雾传感器QM-N5 9 2.3.3 MAX485 10 2.3.4 12 3 系统的总体分析与器件的选择 16 3.1 系统的整体框架 16 3.2 温度传感器的选型 17 3.3 烟雾传感器选型 17 4 硬件电路设计及其实现 18 4.1 单片机最小系统 18 4.2 18 4.3 烟雾检测模块 20 4.4 远距离通信电路 20 4.5 报警电路 22 5 软件部分设计 23 5.1 下位机程序设计 23 5.1.1主程序 23 5.1.2温度读取程序 23 5.1.3 DS18B20初始化、读写程序 28 5.1.4下位机通信程序