护理基础名解.docVIP

绪论 名词中文（英文） 中文解释 英文解释 护理（Nursing） 护理是通过诊断和处理人类的反应来保护、促进、优化健康和能力，预防疾病和损伤，减轻痛苦，并为受照护的个体、家庭、社区及特定人群代言。 Nursing is the protection, promotion, and optimization of health and abilities, prevention of illness and injury, alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of human response, and advocacy in the care of individuals, families, communities, and populations. 第二章 医院环境 名词中文（英文） 中文解释 英文解释 医院（Hospital） 医院是对特定的人群进行防病治病的场所，是专业人员在以治疗为目的的前提下创造的一个适合患者恢复身心健康的环境。 Hospitals are socialistic health institutions whose missions are curing and preventing disease, safeguarding peoples health. 第四章 医院感染的预防和控制 名词中文（英文） 中文解释 英文解释 医院感染 （Nosocomial infection） 住院患者在医院内获得的感染，包括在住院期间发生的感染和在医院内获得出院后发生的感染，但不包括入院前已开始或者入院时已处于潜伏期的感染。 Nosocomial infection refers to any infection or disease which does not exist or is not in incubation period when the clients are hospitalized, but is caused by the invasion of disease-producing microorganisms in hospital with the manifestation of the symptoms during the clients hospitalization or after discharge from hospital. 内源性感染 （Endogenous infection） 内源性感染，又称自身感染，指各种原因引起的患者在医院内遭受自身固有病原体侵袭而发生的医院感染。 Endogenous infection, also called autogenous infection, refer to the infections caused by the invasion of the residential flora of the clients in hospital settings. 外源性感染 （Exogenous infection） 外源性感染，又称交叉感染，指各种原因引起的患者在医院内遭受非自身固有病原体侵袭而发生的医院感染。 Exogenous infection, also called cross infections, are the results of the invasion of causative microorganisms from the source other than the clients themselves. 清洁 （Cleaning） 清洁是指用清水、去污剂等物理方法清除物体表明的污垢、尘埃、有机物，同时达到去除和减少微生物的目的。 Cleaning refers to the removal of dirt and part of microorganisms on the outer surface of the objects by using detergent and clean water. 消毒 （Disinfection） 消毒是用物理或化学方法清除或杀灭芽胞以外的所有病原微生物及其他有害微生物，使其数量减少到无害程度的过程。 Disinfection is the elimination or killing of pathogens and other harmful microorganisms in the environments to make the number of them decreased to a harmless degree. 灭菌 （Sterili